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| CMS-B2G-17-018 ; CERN-EP-2018-230 | ||
| Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying to a top quark and a W boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 23 September 2018 | ||
| Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 90 | ||
| Abstract: A search is presented for the single production of vector-like quarks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV. The data were recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The analysis focuses on the vector-like quark decay into a top quark and a W boson, with one muon or electron in the final state. The mass of the vector-like quark candidate is reconstructed from hadronic jets, the lepton, and the missing transverse momentum. Methods for the identification of b quarks and of highly Lorentz boosted hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons are exploited in this search. No significant deviation from the standard model background expectation is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the vector-like quark mass, which range from 0.3 to 0.03pb for vector-like quark masses of 700 to 2000 GeV. Mass exclusion limits up to 1660 GeV are obtained, depending on the vector-like quark type, coupling, and decay width. These represent the most stringent exclusion limits for the single production of vector-like quarks in this channel. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1809.08597 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Leading order Feynman diagrams for the production of a single vector-like B or $ {X_{5/3}}$ quark in association with a b (left) or t (right) and a light-flavour quark, and the subsequent decay of the VLQ to tW. |
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Figure 1-a:
Leading order Feynman diagram for the production of a single vector-like B or $ {X_{5/3}}$ quark in association with a b and a light-flavour quark, and the subsequent decay of the VLQ to tW. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-b:
Leading order Feynman diagram for the production of a single vector-like B or $ {X_{5/3}}$ quark in association with a t and a light-flavour quark, and the subsequent decay of the VLQ to tW. |
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Figure 2:
Distributions of $ {m_\mathrm {reco}} $ for the B+b production mode, obtained for simulated events with a muon in the final state, reconstructed with a t tag (left) and with the $\chi ^2$ method (right) for right-handed VLQ couplings and various VLQ masses $m_{{\mathrm {B}}}$. Signal events are shown assuming a production cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ decay width of 1%. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distributions of $ {m_\mathrm {reco}} $ for the B+b production mode, obtained for simulated events with a muon in the final state, reconstructed with a t tag for right-handed VLQ couplings and various VLQ masses $m_{{\mathrm {B}}}$. Signal events are shown assuming a production cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ decay width of 1%. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Distributions of $ {m_\mathrm {reco}} $ for the B+b production mode, obtained for simulated events with a muon in the final state, reconstructed with the $\chi ^2$ method for right-handed VLQ couplings and various VLQ masses $m_{{\mathrm {B}}}$. Signal events are shown assuming a production cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ decay width of 1%. |
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Figure 3:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in data and simulation in the control region for the muon (upper) and electron (lower) channels for events reconstructed with a t tag (left) and with the $\chi ^2$ method (right). The VLQ signal is shown for the B+b production mode and right-handed VLQ couplings. The vertical bars illustrate the statistical uncertainties on the data, while the shaded area shows the total uncertainties for the background simulation. The lower panels show the ratio of data to the background prediction. The dark and light gray bands correspond to the statistical and total uncertainties, respectively. |
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Figure 3-a:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in data and simulation in the control region for the muon channel for events reconstructed with a t tag. The VLQ signal is shown for the B+b production mode and right-handed VLQ couplings. The vertical bars illustrate the statistical uncertainties on the data, while the shaded area shows the total uncertainties for the background simulation. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the background prediction. The dark and light gray bands correspond to the statistical and total uncertainties, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in data and simulation in the control region for the muon channel for events reconstructed with the $\chi ^2$ method. The VLQ signal is shown for the B+b production mode and right-handed VLQ couplings. The vertical bars illustrate the statistical uncertainties on the data, while the shaded area shows the total uncertainties for the background simulation. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the background prediction. The dark and light gray bands correspond to the statistical and total uncertainties, respectively. |
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Figure 3-c:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in data and simulation in the control region for the electron channel for events reconstructed with a t tag. The VLQ signal is shown for the B+b production mode and right-handed VLQ couplings. The vertical bars illustrate the statistical uncertainties on the data, while the shaded area shows the total uncertainties for the background simulation. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the background prediction. The dark and light gray bands correspond to the statistical and total uncertainties, respectively. |
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Figure 3-d:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in data and simulation in the control region for the electron channel for events reconstructed with the $\chi ^2$ method. The VLQ signal is shown for the B+b production mode and right-handed VLQ couplings. The vertical bars illustrate the statistical uncertainties on the data, while the shaded area shows the total uncertainties for the background simulation. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the background prediction. The dark and light gray bands correspond to the statistical and total uncertainties, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in the validation region of the two most sensitive categories in the muon channel (upper) and electron channel (lower). The lower panels show the difference of data and background expectations in units of the total (stat. and sys.) uncertainty on the background estimate. |
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Figure 4-a:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in the validation region of the t tag category in the muon channel. The lower panel shows the difference of data and background expectations in units of the total (stat. and sys.) uncertainty on the background estimate. |
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Figure 4-b:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in the validation region of the W tag category in the muon channel. The lower panel shows the difference of data and background expectations in units of the total (stat. and sys.) uncertainty on the background estimate. |
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Figure 4-c:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in the validation region of the t tag category in the electron channel. The lower panel shows the difference of data and background expectations in units of the total (stat. and sys.) uncertainty on the background estimate. |
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Figure 4-d:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ in the validation region of the W tag category in the electron channel. The lower panel shows the difference of data and background expectations in units of the total (stat. and sys.) uncertainty on the background estimate. |
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Figure 5:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the muon channel. Shown are the sensitive categories: t tag (upper left), W tag (upper right), ${\geq}$2 b tag (lower left), 1 b tag (lower right) and 0 b tag. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the muon channel, for the t tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the muon channel, for the W tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the muon channel, for the ${\geq}$2 b tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-d:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the muon channel, for the 1 b tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-e:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the muon channel, for the 0 b tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Distributions of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the electron channel. Shown are the sensitive categories: t tag(upper left), W tag(upper right), ${\geq}$2 b tag (middle left), 1 b tag (middle right) and 0 b tag (lower). The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the electron channel, for the t tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the electron channel, for the W tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-c:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the electron channel, for the ${\geq}$2 b tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-d:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the electron channel, for the 1 b tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-e:
Distribution of ${m_\mathrm {reco}}$ measured in the signal region for events with a jet in the forward direction with $ | \eta | > $ 2.4 in the electron channel, for the 0 b tag category. The background prediction is obtained from control regions as detailed in the main text. The distributions from two example signal samples for the B+b production mode with right-handed VLQ couplings with a cross section of 1 pb and a relative VLQ width of 1% are shown for illustration. |
png pdf |
Figure 7:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the B+b production mode for a relative VLQ width of 1% and left- and right-handed VLQ couplings (upper left and right), for 10% relative VLQ width and left-handed VLQ couplings (lower left), and a comparison of the observed exclusion limits for relative VLQ widths of 10, 20, and 30% for left-handed couplings (lower right). The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-a:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the B+b production mode for a relative VLQ width of 1% and left-handed VLQ couplings. The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-b:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the B+b production mode for a relative VLQ width of 1% and right-handed VLQ couplings. The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-c:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the B+b production mode for 10% relative VLQ width and left-handed VLQ couplings The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-d:
A comparison of the observed exclusion limits for relative VLQ widths of 10, 20, and 30% for left-handed couplings. The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 8:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the B+t and ${X_{5/3}}$+t production modes for right-handed VLQ couplings assuming a relative VLQ width of 1% (upper left and right), for the ${X_{5/3}}$+t production mode with left-handed VLQ couplings and a 10% relative width (lower left) and a comparison of the observed exclusion limits for left-handed couplings for relative widths of 10, 20, and 30% (lower right). The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-a:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the B+t production modes for right-handed VLQ couplings assuming a relative VLQ width of 1%. The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-b:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the ${X_{5/3}}$+t production modes for right-handed VLQ couplings assuming a relative VLQ width of 1%. The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-c:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the VLQ production cross section and branching fraction for the ${X_{5/3}}$+t production mode with left-handed VLQ couplings and a 10% relative width. The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-d:
A comparison of the observed exclusion limits for left-handed couplings for relative widths of 10, 20, and 30%. The dashed lines show the theoretical predictions. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Uncertainties considered for simulated signal events in the B+b production mode ($m_{{\mathrm {B}} } = $ 900 GeV) for right-handed VLQ couplings for the t tag and W tag categories. The uncertainties in the b tag categories are of comparable size to those in the W tag category. |
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Table 2:
Observed (expected) upper limits at 95% CL on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for the B+b and ${X_{5/3}}$+t production modes, for a set of VLQ masses, for VLQs widths of 1% and 10%, and for left-handed and right-handed couplings. The exclusion limits for the B+t production mode (not shown) are very similar to those for the ${X_{5/3}}$+t mode. |
| Summary |
| A search for singly produced vector-like quarks decaying into a top quark and a W boson has been performed using the 2016 data set recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The selection is optimised for high vector-like quark masses, with a single muon or electron, significant missing transverse momentum, and two jets with high ${p_{\mathrm{T}}}$ in the final state. Vector-like quarks in the single production mode can be produced in association with a t or a b quark and a forward jet. The latter feature is used to obtain the background prediction in the signal regions from data. The mass of the vector-like quark is reconstructed from the hadronic jets, the missing transverse momentum, and the lepton in the event. Different decay possibilities of the t and W are considered. The reach of the search is enhanced by t, W, and b tagging methods. No significant deviation from the standard model prediction is observed. Upper exclusion limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction range from around 0.3-0.03pb for vector-like quark masses between 700 and 2000 GeV. Depending on the vector-like quark type, coupling, and decay width to tW, mass exclusion limits up to 1660 GeV are obtained. These represent the most stringent exclusion limits for the single production of vector-like quarks in this channel. |
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Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
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