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| CMS-PAS-HIN-24-015 | ||
| Exploring the origin of $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson elliptic flow in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV using event shape engineering | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 15 May 2025 | ||
| Abstract: The effect of the initial collision geometry on the elliptic flow ($ v_2 $) in events with prompt $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons produced in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV is studied using data from the CMS experiment. Using an event-shape engineering technique, initial-state eccentricities within a given centrality range are systematically varied. The $ v_2 $ of $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons is measured in five centrality classes, 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50$ % $ and further categorized into ten event-shape classes based on the reduced flow vector ($ q_2 $) within each centrality range. The measurement is performed within the kinematic region of $ \mathrm{D^0} $ rapidity, $ \lvert y \rvert < $ 1 and transverse momentum ($ p_{\mathrm{T}} $) of 2-30 GeV/$c$. A clear positive correlation is observed between the $ q_2 $ and the $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $, indicating that the initial-state geometry significantly influences the development of charm-hadron flow in heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, a comparison between the $ v_2 $ of $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons and that of low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (1-3 GeV/$c$) charged particles reveals a linear correlation, strongly suggesting that initial-geometry eccentricity is the primary origin of the charm-hadron elliptic flow, and hints of nonlinearity are observed at $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 10 GeV/$c$. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 20-30%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 1-a:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 20-30%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 1-b:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 20-30%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 1-c:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 20-30%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 1-d:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 20-30%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 2:
Slopes obtained from the correlation plots of the prompt $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ vs the charged-particle $ v_2 $ for each $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and centrality class of $ \mathrm{D^0} $. For the correlation plots, the $ v_2 $ in each $ q_2 $ bin is normalized by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The vertical lines correspond to the statistical uncertainties and the vertical bands correspond to the systematic uncertainties added in quadrature. The slopes calculated are consistent with unity. |
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Figure 3:
Intercepts obtained from the correlation plots of the prompt $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ vs the charged-particle $ v_2 $ for each $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and centrality class of $ \mathrm{D^0} $. For the correlation plots, the $ v_2 $ in each $ q_2 $ bin is normalized by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The vertical lines correspond to the statistical uncertainties and the vertical bands correspond to the systematic uncertainties added in quadrature. The intercepts calculated are consistent with zero. |
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Figure 4:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 0-10%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 4-a:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 0-10%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 0-10%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 4-c:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 0-10%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
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Figure 4-d:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 0-10%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 10-20%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 10-20%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 10-20%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 10-20%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-d:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 10-20%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 30-40%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 30-40%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 30-40%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-c:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 30-40%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-d:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 30-40%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 7:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 40-50%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-a:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 40-50%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-b:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 40-50%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-c:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 40-50%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-d:
Correlation between the normalized $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and the charged-particle $ v_2 $. The $ v_2 $ value in each $ q_2 $ bin is scaled by the $ q_2 $-inclusive $ v_2 $. The charged-particle $ v_2 $ is measured in the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region 1-3 GeV/$c$. The correlation plots for $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ 2-4 (upper left), 4-6 (upper right), 6-10 (lower left) and 10-30 GeV/$c$ (lower right) in the centrality class 40-50%. The red band corresponds to the uncertainty of one standard deviation. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of systematic uncertainties in the absolute differences between the nominal and the alternative analyses for the slope and intercept of the correlation plots. |
| Summary |
| In this study, a clear correlation between the initial collision geometry is demonstrated, characterized by the reduced flow vector, and the elliptic flow of prompt $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV. By employing event-shape engineering to systematically vary initial-state eccentricities, we have shown that the $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson $ v_2 $ is strongly correlated to the eccentricity ($ \epsilon_2 $) of the initial geometry. This observation, coupled with the observed correlation between $ \mathrm{D^0} v_2 $ and charged-particle $ v_2 $ within the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ range 1-3 GeV/$c$, reinforces the conclusion that the initial geometry eccentricity is the dominant source of charm-hadron elliptic flow. This correlation is approximately linear and exists in the centrality region of 0-50% (10% classes) and for both low (2-10 GeV/$c$) and high-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (10-30 GeV/$c$) of $ \mathrm{D^0} $-meson. A nonlinear correlation, specifically for high $ \mathrm{D^0} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ may be an indication of the path-length dependent energy-loss of charm quark in the QGP medium. These findings provide compelling evidence for the significant role of initial-state geometry in shaping the collective flow of heavy quarks within the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. |
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Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
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