CMS-PAS-HIN-19-009

CMS-PAS-HIN-19-009
Studies of charm and beauty long-range correlations in pp and pPb collisions
CMS Collaboration
November 2019

Abstract: Studies of collective long-range (large $\eta$ gap) correlations involving open charm and beauty hadrons in pp and pPb collisions are presented, using data samples collected by the CMS experiment with center-of-mass energies of 13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. The elliptic flow harmonics ( $v_2$ ) of prompt and nonprompt $D^{0}$ mesons (from beauty hadron decays) are extracted from long-range two-particle azimuthal correlations, with respect to inclusive charged particles. In pp collisions, positive $v_2$ signals for prompt charm hadrons are reported for the first time over a transverse momentum ( $p_{{\mathrm{T}}}$ ) range of 2-4 GeV. The signals are comparable to those for light-flavor hadron species. Compared at similar event multiplicities, the prompt $D^{0}$ meson $v_2$ values in pp and pPb are similar in magnitude. The $v_2$ signal for open beauty hadrons is extracted for the first time via nonprompt $D^{0}$ meson in pPb collisions, with a magnitude smaller than that for prompt $D^{0}$ meson at $p_{{\mathrm{T}}}$ between 2-5 GeV. The new measurements provide strong indications of a postive charm hadron $v_2$ in the smallest pp systems and a flavor hierarchy of $v_2$ between charm and beauty hadrons in the pPb systems, providing key insights to further understand the origin of heavy flavor quark collectivity in small-system collisions.
Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, PLB 813 (2021) 136036. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here.

Figures	Summary	Additional Figures	References	CMS Publications

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$ , for the BDT prompt-trained sample in pp collisions.
png pdf	Figure 2: Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$ , for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The left shows the fit for DCA $<$ 0.008 cm and the right is for DCA $>$ 0.014 cm.
png pdf	Figure 2-a: Example of fit to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$ , for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The plot shows the fit for DCA $<$ 0.008 cm.
png pdf	Figure 2-b: Example of fit to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$ , for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The plot shows the fit for DCA $>$ 0.014 cm.
png pdf	Figure 3: Left: example of template fit to ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ DCA distribution in the $p_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ interval 3-4 GeV for events with185 $\leq N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}} <$ 250 of pPb collisions. Middle and right: inclusive ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$ values from the three DCA regions as a function of the corresponding nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ fraction, for 2 $< p_{{\mathrm {T}}} <$ 5 GeV and 5 $< p_{{\mathrm {T}}} <$ 8 GeV. The red line is a linear fit to $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$
png pdf	Figure 3-a: Example of template fit to ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ DCA distribution in the $p_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ interval 3-4 GeV for events with185 $\leq N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}} <$ 250 of pPb collisions.
png pdf	Figure 3-b: Inclusive ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$ values from the three DCA regions as a function of the corresponding nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ fraction, for 2 $< p_{{\mathrm {T}}} <$ 5 GeV and 5 $< p_{{\mathrm {T}}} <$ 8 GeV. The red line is a linear fit to $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$
png pdf	Figure 4: Results of elliptic flow ( $v_2^{\rm sub}$ ) for prompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ mesons, as a function of $p_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ for $\|y\| <$ 1, with $N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}} \geq$ 100 in pp collisions at ${\sqrt {s}} =$ 13 TeV. Published data for charged particles, ${\mathrm{K^0_S}}$ and $\Lambda$ are also shown for comparison [17]. The error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the $p_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ bins.
png pdf	Figure 5: Results of elliptic flow ( $v_2^{\rm sub}$ ) for prompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ mesons, as a function of event multiplicity for three different $p_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ ranges, with $\|y\| <$ 1 in pp collisions at ${\sqrt {s}} =$ 13 TeV and pPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}}=$ 8.16 TeV. The vertical error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the ${N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}}$ bins. The right-most points with right-arrows correspond to ${N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}} \geq$ 100 for pp collisions and ${N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}} \geq$ 250 for pPb collisions.
png pdf	Figure 6: Results of elliptic flow ( $v_2^{\rm sub}$ ) for prompt and nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ mesons, as well as ${{\mathrm{K^0_S}}}$ , $\Lambda$ for ${\| y_{lab} \| } <$ 1, and ${\mathrm{J}}/\psi$ for 1.2 $< {\| y_{lab} \| } <$ 2.4, as functions of $p_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ with 185 $\leq {N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}} <$ 250 in pPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} =$ 8.16 TeV [48,50]. The error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ $p_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ bins. Dash line, dash-dotted line and solid line show the theoretical calculation of prompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ , ${\mathrm{J}}/\psi$ and nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ under color glass condensate (CGC) framework respectively [52].

Summary

The first measurements of elliptic azimuthal anisotropies for prompt

${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons in pp collisions at

${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} =$ 13 TeV, and for nonprompt

${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons from beauty hadron decays in pPb collisions at

${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} =$ 8.16 TeV are presented. In pp collisions with

$N_{\mathrm{trk}}^{\mathrm{offline}} \geq$ 100, strong indications of positive

$v_2$ signals for prompt charm hadrons are reported for the first time over a transverse momentum (

$p_{{\mathrm{T}}}$ ) range of 2-4 GeV, which is found to be comparable (or slightly smaller) to those for light-flavor hadron species. Compared at similar event multiplicities, the prompt

${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson

$v_2$ values in pp and pPb are found to be similar in magnitude. The

$v_2$ signal of open beauty hadrons is extracted for the first time via non-prompt

${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson in pPb collisions, with a magnitude smaller than that for prompt

${\mathrm{D^{0}}}$ mesons at

$p_{{\mathrm{T}}}\sim$ 3-4 GeV. The new measurements of charm hadron

$v_2$ in the smallest pp system and the strong indications of mass dependence of heavy flavor hadron

$v_2$ in the pPb system provide key insights to understand the origin of heavy flavor quark collectivity in small-system collisions.

Additional Figures
png pdf	Additional Figure 1: Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$ , for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions with 0.008 $< \text {DCA} <$ 0.014 cm.
png pdf	Additional Figure 2: Results of elliptic flow ( $v_2$ ) without non-flow subtraction for prompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ mesons, as a function of event multiplicity for three different ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ ranges, with $\|y\| <$ 1 in pp collisions at ${\sqrt {s}} =$ 13 TeV and pPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} =$ 8.16 TeV. The vertical error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the ${N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}}$ bins. The right-most points with right-arrows, correspond to ${N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} \geq$ 100 for pp collisions, and ${N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} \geq$ 250 for pPb collisions.
png pdf	Additional Figure 3: Results of elliptic flow ( $v_2$ ) without non-flow subtraction for prompt, nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ mesons and ${\mathrm {K^0_S}}$ for $\| y_{lab} \| <$ 1 and ${\mathrm {J}}/\psi$ for 1.2 $< \|y_{lab}\| <$ 2.4, as functions of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ with ${N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} <$ 35 (top) and 185 $\leq {N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} <$ 250 (bottom) in pPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} =$ 8.16 TeV [1,2]. The error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties.
png pdf	Additional Figure 4: PYTHIA 8 simulation of the correlation between B and nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ .
png pdf	Additional Figure 5: PYTHIA 8 simulation of the ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ dependence of $\cos{2(\phi _{B}-\phi _{{\mathrm {D^0}}})}$ for B and nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ .
png pdf	Additional Figure 6: Predicted $v_2$ of B and nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ under CGC framework [3]. $v_2$ of nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ is from convolution of $v_2$ of B and PYTHIA 8 simulation.

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