CMS-PAS-HIN-19-009 | ||
Studies of charm and beauty long-range correlations in pp and pPb collisions | ||
CMS Collaboration | ||
November 2019 | ||
Abstract: Studies of collective long-range (large $\eta$ gap) correlations involving open charm and beauty hadrons in pp and pPb collisions are presented, using data samples collected by the CMS experiment with center-of-mass energies of 13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. The elliptic flow harmonics ($v_2$) of prompt and nonprompt $D^{0}$ mesons (from beauty hadron decays) are extracted from long-range two-particle azimuthal correlations, with respect to inclusive charged particles. In pp collisions, positive $v_2$ signals for prompt charm hadrons are reported for the first time over a transverse momentum ($p_{{\mathrm{T}}}$) range of 2-4 GeV. The signals are comparable to those for light-flavor hadron species. Compared at similar event multiplicities, the prompt $D^{0}$ meson $v_2$ values in pp and pPb are similar in magnitude. The $v_2$ signal for open beauty hadrons is extracted for the first time via nonprompt $D^{0}$ meson in pPb collisions, with a magnitude smaller than that for prompt $D^{0}$ meson at $p_{{\mathrm{T}}}$ between 2-5 GeV. The new measurements provide strong indications of a postive charm hadron $v_2$ in the smallest pp systems and a flavor hierarchy of $v_2$ between charm and beauty hadrons in the pPb systems, providing key insights to further understand the origin of heavy flavor quark collectivity in small-system collisions. | ||
Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, PLB 813 (2021) 136036. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
Figures | Summary | Additional Figures | References | CMS Publications |
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Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT prompt-trained sample in pp collisions. |
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Figure 2:
Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The left shows the fit for DCA$ < $0.008 cm and the right is for DCA$ > $0.014 cm. |
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Figure 2-a:
Example of fit to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The plot shows the fit for DCA$ < $0.008 cm. |
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Figure 2-b:
Example of fit to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The plot shows the fit for DCA$ > $0.014 cm. |
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Figure 3:
Left: example of template fit to ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ DCA distribution in the $ p_{{\mathrm {T}}} $ interval 3-4 GeV for events with185 $ \leq N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}} < $ 250 of pPb collisions. Middle and right: inclusive ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$ values from the three DCA regions as a function of the corresponding nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ fraction, for 2 $ < p_{{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 5 GeV and 5 $ < p_{{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 8 GeV. The red line is a linear fit to $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$ |
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Figure 3-a:
Example of template fit to ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ DCA distribution in the $ p_{{\mathrm {T}}} $ interval 3-4 GeV for events with185 $ \leq N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}} < $ 250 of pPb collisions. |
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Figure 3-b:
Inclusive ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$ values from the three DCA regions as a function of the corresponding nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ fraction, for 2 $ < p_{{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 5 GeV and 5 $ < p_{{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 8 GeV. The red line is a linear fit to $V_{2\Delta}^{signal}$ |
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Figure 4:
Results of elliptic flow ($v_2^{\rm sub}$) for prompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ mesons, as a function of $ p_{{\mathrm {T}}} $ for $|y| < $ 1, with $ N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}} \geq $ 100 in pp collisions at $ {\sqrt {s}} = $ 13 TeV. Published data for charged particles, ${\mathrm{K^0_S}}$ and $\Lambda$ are also shown for comparison [17]. The error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the $ p_{{\mathrm {T}}} $ bins. |
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Figure 5:
Results of elliptic flow ($v_2^{\rm sub}$) for prompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ mesons, as a function of event multiplicity for three different $ p_{{\mathrm {T}}} $ ranges, with $|y| < $ 1 in pp collisions at $ {\sqrt {s}} = $13 TeV and pPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}}= $ 8.16 TeV. The vertical error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the ${N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}}$ bins. The right-most points with right-arrows correspond to $ {N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}} \geq $ 100 for pp collisions and $ {N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}} \geq $ 250 for pPb collisions. |
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Figure 6:
Results of elliptic flow ($v_2^{\rm sub}$) for prompt and nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}} $ mesons, as well as ${{\mathrm{K^0_S}}}$, $\Lambda$ for $ {| y_{lab} | } < $ 1, and ${\mathrm{J}}/\psi $ for 1.2 $ < {| y_{lab} | } < $ 2.4, as functions of $ p_{{\mathrm {T}}} $ with 185 $ \leq {N_{\mathrm {trk}}^{\mathrm {offline}}} < $ 250 in pPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV [48,50]. The error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ $ p_{{\mathrm {T}}} $ bins. Dash line, dash-dotted line and solid line show the theoretical calculation of prompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$, ${\mathrm{J}}/\psi$ and nonprompt ${{\mathrm{D^0}}}$ under color glass condensate (CGC) framework respectively [52]. |
Summary |
The first measurements of elliptic azimuthal anisotropies for prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons in pp collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 13 TeV, and for nonprompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons from beauty hadron decays in pPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV are presented. In pp collisions with $N_{\mathrm{trk}}^{\mathrm{offline}} \geq $ 100, strong indications of positive $v_2$ signals for prompt charm hadrons are reported for the first time over a transverse momentum ($p_{{\mathrm{T}}}$) range of 2-4 GeV, which is found to be comparable (or slightly smaller) to those for light-flavor hadron species. Compared at similar event multiplicities, the prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson $v_2$ values in pp and pPb are found to be similar in magnitude. The $v_2$ signal of open beauty hadrons is extracted for the first time via non-prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson in pPb collisions, with a magnitude smaller than that for prompt ${\mathrm{D^{0}}}$ mesons at $p_{{\mathrm{T}}}\sim$ 3-4 GeV. The new measurements of charm hadron $v_2$ in the smallest pp system and the strong indications of mass dependence of heavy flavor hadron $v_2$ in the pPb system provide key insights to understand the origin of heavy flavor quark collectivity in small-system collisions. |
Additional Figures | |
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Additional Figure 1:
Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions with 0.008 $ < \text {DCA} < $ 0.014 cm. |
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Additional Figure 2:
Results of elliptic flow ($v_2$) without non-flow subtraction for prompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ mesons, as a function of event multiplicity for three different ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ ranges, with $|y| < $ 1 in pp collisions at ${\sqrt {s}} = $ 13 TeV and pPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} =$ 8.16 TeV. The vertical error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal error bars represent the width of the ${N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}}$ bins. The right-most points with right-arrows, correspond to $ {N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} \geq $ 100 for pp collisions, and $ {N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} \geq $ 250 for pPb collisions. |
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Additional Figure 3:
Results of elliptic flow ($v_2$) without non-flow subtraction for prompt, nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ mesons and ${\mathrm {K^0_S}}$ for $ | y_{lab} | < $ 1 and $ {\mathrm {J}}/\psi $ for 1.2 $ < |y_{lab}| < $ 2.4, as functions of $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ with $ {N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} < $ 35 (top) and 185 $\leq {N_\mathrm {trk}^\mathrm {offline}} < $ 250 (bottom) in pPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV [1,2]. The error bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. |
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Additional Figure 4:
PYTHIA 8 simulation of the correlation between B and nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$. |
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Additional Figure 5:
PYTHIA 8 simulation of the ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ dependence of $\cos{2(\phi _{B}-\phi _{{\mathrm {D^0}}})}$ for B and nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$. |
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Additional Figure 6:
Predicted $v_2$ of B and nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ under CGC framework [3]. $v_2$ of nonprompt ${\mathrm {D^0}}$ is from convolution of $v_2$ of B and PYTHIA 8 simulation. |
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Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
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