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| CMS-TOP-14-007 ; CERN-EP-2016-207 | ||
| Search for anomalous Wtb couplings and flavour-changing neutral currents in $t$-channel single top quark production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $ 7 and 8 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 11 October 2016 | ||
| JHEP 02 (2017) 028 | ||
| Abstract: Single top quark events produced in the $t$ channel are used to set limits on anomalous Wtb couplings and to search for top quark flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) interactions. The data taken with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.0 and 19.7 fb$^{-1}$, respectively. The analysis is performed using events with one muon and two or three jets. A Bayesian neural network technique, used to discriminate between the signal and backgrounds, is found to be consistent with the standard model prediction. The 95% confidence level (CL) exclusion limits on anomalous right-handed vector, and left- and right-handed tensor Wtb couplings are measured to be $ |f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}| < 0.16$, $|f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}| < 0.05 $, and $ -0.049 < f_{\rm T}^{\rm R} < 0.048 $, respectively. For the FCNC couplings $\kappa_{\rm tug}$ and $\kappa_{\rm tcg}$, the 95% CL upper limits on coupling strengths are $|\kappa_{\rm tug}|/\Lambda < 4.1 \times 10^{-3}\,\mathrm{TeV^{-1}}$ and $|\kappa_{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda < 1.8 \times 10^{-2}\,\mathrm{TeV^{-1}}$, where $\Lambda$ is the scale for new physics, and correspond to upper limits on the branching fractions of $ 2.0\times10^{-5} $ and $ 4.1\times10^{-4} $ for the decays $ \rm t\rightarrow ug $ and $ \rm t\rightarrow cg $, respectively. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1610.03545 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The distributions of the multijet BNN discriminant used for the QCD multijet background rejection (left) and the reconstructed transverse W boson mass (right) from data (points) and the predicted backgrounds from simulation (filled histograms) for $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 1-a:
The distributions of the multijet BNN discriminant used for the QCD multijet background rejection from data (points) and the predicted backgrounds from simulation (filled histograms) for $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 1-b:
The distributions of the multijet BNN discriminant used for the reconstructed transverse W boson mass from data (points) and the predicted backgrounds from simulation (filled histograms) for $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 2:
Comparison of experimental with simulated data of the BNNs input variables $\cos(\theta _{\mu ,\rm {\rm j_L}})|_{\rm top}$, $\eta (\rm j_L)$, $H_{\rm T}(\rm j_1, j_2)$, and $M(\rm W,\rm {b_1})$. The variables are described in Table 2. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. Plots are for the $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV data set. |
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Figure 2-a:
Comparison of experimental with simulated data of the BNNs input variable $\cos(\theta _{\mu ,\rm {\rm j_L}})|_{\rm top}$. The variable is described in Table 2. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. Plots are for the $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV data set. |
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Figure 2-b:
Comparison of experimental with simulated data of the BNNs input variable $\eta (\rm j_L)$. The variable is described in Table 2. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. Plots are for the $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV data set. |
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Figure 2-c:
Comparison of experimental with simulated data of the BNNs input variable $H_{\rm T}(\rm j_1, j_2)$. The variable is described in Table 2. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. Plots are for the $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV data set. |
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Figure 2-d:
Comparison of experimental with simulated data of the BNNs input variable $M(\rm W,\rm {b_1})$. The variable is described in Table 2. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. Plots are for the $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV data set. |
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Figure 3:
Comparison of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV data and simulation using the SM BNN discriminant in three separate signal regions of two jets with one b-tagged (2 jets, 1 tag) (upper), three jets with one of them b-tagged (3 jets, 1 tag) (middle left), and three jets with two of them b-tagged (3 jets, 2 tags) (middle right), and in ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ (4 jets, 2 tags) (lower left) and W+jets (no b-tagged jets) (lower right) background control regions (CR). The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 3-a:
Comparison of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV data and simulation using the SM BNN discriminant in the two jets with one b-tagged (2 jets, 1 tag) background control region (CR). The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 3-b:
Comparison of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV data and simulation using the SM BNN discriminant in the three jets with one of them b-tagged (3 jets, 1 tag) background control region (CR). The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 3-c:
Comparison of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV data and simulation using the SM BNN discriminant in the three jets with two of them b-tagged (3 jets, 2 tags) (middle right) background control region (CR). The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 3-d:
Comparison of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV data and simulation using the SM BNN discriminant in the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ (4 jets, 2 tags) background control region (CR). The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 3-e:
Comparison of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV data and simulation using the SM BNN discriminant in the W+jets (no b-tagged jets) background control region (CR). The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 4:
The SM BNN discriminant distributions after the statistical analysis and evaluation of all the uncertainties. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The left (right) plot corresponds to $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 (8) TeV . |
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Figure 4-a:
The SM BNN discriminant distribution at $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 TeV after the statistical analysis and evaluation of all the uncertainties. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 4-b:
The SM BNN discriminant distribution at $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV after the statistical analysis and evaluation of all the uncertainties. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 5:
Distributions of the Wtb BNN discriminants from data (points) and simulation (filled histograms) for the scenarios $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm V}^{\rm R})$ (top), $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm L})$ (middle), and $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$ (bottom). The plots on the left (right) correspond to $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 (8) TeV. The Wtb BNNs are trained to separate SM left-handed interactions from one of the anomalous interactions. In each plot, the expected distribution with the corresponding anomalous coupling set to 1.0 is shown by the solid curve. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-a:
Distribution of the Wtb BNN discriminant at $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 TeV from data (points) and simulation (filled histograms) for the scenario $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm V}^{\rm R})$. In the plot, the expected distribution with the corresponding anomalous coupling set to 1.0 is shown by the solid curve. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-b:
Distribution of the Wtb BNN discriminant at $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV from data (points) and simulation (filled histograms) for the scenario $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm V}^{\rm R})$. In the plot, the expected distribution with the corresponding anomalous coupling set to 1.0 is shown by the solid curve. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-c:
Distribution of the Wtb BNN discriminant at $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 TeV from data (points) and simulation (filled histograms) for the scenario $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm L})$. In the plot, the expected distribution with the corresponding anomalous coupling set to 1.0 is shown by the solid curve. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-d:
Distribution of the Wtb BNN discriminant at $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV from data (points) and simulation (filled histograms) for the scenario $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm L})$. In the plot, the expected distribution with the corresponding anomalous coupling set to 1.0 is shown by the solid curve. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-e:
Distribution of the Wtb BNN discriminant at $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 TeV from data (points) and simulation (filled histograms) for the scenario$(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$. In the plot, the expected distribution with the corresponding anomalous coupling set to 1.0 is shown by the solid curve. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-f:
Distribution of the Wtb BNN discriminant at $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV from data (points) and simulation (filled histograms) for the scenario$(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$. In the plot, the expected distribution with the corresponding anomalous coupling set to 1.0 is shown by the solid curve. The lower part of the plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 6:
Combined $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV observed and expected exclusion limits in the two-dimensional planes $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $| f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}| )$ (top-left), $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $| f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}| )$ (top-right), and $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$ (bottom) at 68% and 95% CL. |
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Figure 6-a:
Combined $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV observed and expected exclusion limits in the two-dimensional plane $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $| f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}| )$ at 68% and 95% CL. |
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Figure 6-b:
Combined $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV observed and expected exclusion limits in the two-dimensional plane $(f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $| f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}| )$ at 68% and 95% CL. |
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Figure 6-c:
Combined $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV observed and expected exclusion limits in the two-dimensional plane $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$ at 68% and 95% CL. |
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Figure 7:
Combined $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV results from the three-dimensional variation of the couplings of $f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R}$ (left), and $f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R}$ (right) in the form of observed and expected exclusion limits at 68% and 95% CL in the two-dimension planes $(| f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}| $, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$ (left) and $(| f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}| $, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$ (right). |
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Figure 7-a:
Combined $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV result from the three-dimensional variation of the couplings of $f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R}$ in the form of observed and expected exclusion limits at 68% and 95% CL in the two-dimension plane $(| f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}| $, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$. |
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Figure 7-b:
Combined $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV result from the three-dimensional variation of the couplings of $f_{\rm V}^{\rm L}$, $f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}$, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R}$ in the form of observed and expected exclusion limits at 68% and 95% CL in the two-dimension plane $(| f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}| $, $f_{\rm T}^{\rm R})$. |
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Figure 8:
Representative Feynman diagrams for the FCNC processes. |
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Figure 9:
The FCNC BNN discriminant distributions when the BNN is trained to distinguish $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ (upper) or $\rm t\rightarrow cg$ (lower) processes as signal from the SM processes as background. The results from data are shown as points and the predicted distributions from the background simulations by the filled histograms. The plots on the left (right) correspond to the $\sqrt {s} =$ 7 (8) TeV data. The solid and dashed lines give the expected distributions for $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ and $\rm t\rightarrow cg$, respectively, assuming a coupling of $| \kappa _{\rm tug}| /\Lambda = 0.04\ (0.06)$ and $| \kappa _{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda = $ 0.08 (0.12) TeV$ ^{-1}$ on the left (right) plots. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 9-a:
The FCNC BNN discriminant distributions when the BNN is trained to distinguish $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ (upper) or $\rm t\rightarrow cg$ (lower) processes as signal from the SM processes as background. The results from data are shown as points and the predicted distributions from the background simulations by the filled histograms. The plots on the left (right) correspond to the $\sqrt {s} =$ 7 (8) TeV data. The solid and dashed lines give the expected distributions for $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ and $\rm t\rightarrow cg$, respectively, assuming a coupling of $| \kappa _{\rm tug}| /\Lambda = 0.04\ (0.06)$ and $| \kappa _{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda = $ 0.08 (0.12) TeV$ ^{-1}$ on the left (right) plots. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 9-b:
The FCNC BNN discriminant distributions when the BNN is trained to distinguish $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ (upper) or $\rm t\rightarrow cg$ (lower) processes as signal from the SM processes as background. The results from data are shown as points and the predicted distributions from the background simulations by the filled histograms. The plots on the left (right) correspond to the $\sqrt {s} =$ 7 (8) TeV data. The solid and dashed lines give the expected distributions for $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ and $\rm t\rightarrow cg$, respectively, assuming a coupling of $| \kappa _{\rm tug}| /\Lambda = 0.04\ (0.06)$ and $| \kappa _{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda = $ 0.08 (0.12) TeV$ ^{-1}$ on the left (right) plots. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 9-c:
The FCNC BNN discriminant distributions when the BNN is trained to distinguish $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ (upper) or $\rm t\rightarrow cg$ (lower) processes as signal from the SM processes as background. The results from data are shown as points and the predicted distributions from the background simulations by the filled histograms. The plots on the left (right) correspond to the $\sqrt {s} =$ 7 (8) TeV data. The solid and dashed lines give the expected distributions for $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ and $\rm t\rightarrow cg$, respectively, assuming a coupling of $| \kappa _{\rm tug}| /\Lambda = 0.04\ (0.06)$ and $| \kappa _{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda = $ 0.08 (0.12) TeV$ ^{-1}$ on the left (right) plots. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 9-d:
The FCNC BNN discriminant distributions when the BNN is trained to distinguish $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ (upper) or $\rm t\rightarrow cg$ (lower) processes as signal from the SM processes as background. The results from data are shown as points and the predicted distributions from the background simulations by the filled histograms. The plots on the left (right) correspond to the $\sqrt {s} =$ 7 (8) TeV data. The solid and dashed lines give the expected distributions for $\rm t\rightarrow ug$ and $\rm t\rightarrow cg$, respectively, assuming a coupling of $| \kappa _{\rm tug}| /\Lambda = 0.04\ (0.06)$ and $| \kappa _{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda = $ 0.08 (0.12) TeV$ ^{-1}$ on the left (right) plots. The lower part of each plot shows the relative difference between the data and the total predicted background. The hatched band corresponds to the total simulation uncertainty. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 10:
Combined $\sqrt {s} =$ 7 and 8 TeV observed and expected limits for the 68% and 95% CL on the $| \kappa _{\rm tug}| /\Lambda $ and $| \kappa _{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda $ couplings. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
The predicted and observed events yields before and after the multijet BNN selection for the two data sets. The uncertainties include the estimation of the scale and parton distribution function uncertainties. |
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Table 2:
Input variables for the BNNs used in the analysis. The symbol $\times $ represents the variables used for each particular BNN. The number 7 or 8 marks the variables used in just the $\sqrt {s}=$ 7 or 8 TeV analysis. The symbol "tug" marks the variables used just in the training of the tug FCNC BNN. The notations "leading" and "next-to-leading" refer to the highest-$ {p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ and second-highest-$ {p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ jet, respectively. The notation "best" jet is used for the jet that gives a reconstructed mass of the top quark closest to the value of 172.5 GeV , which is used in the MC simulation. |
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Table 3:
One-dimensional exclusion limits obtained in different two- and three-dimensional fit scenarios. The first column shows the couplings allowed to vary in the fit, with the remaining couplings set to the SM values. The observed (expected) 95% CL limits for each of the two data sets and their combination are given in the following columns. |
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Table 4:
Observed (expected) upper limits at 95% CL for the FCNC couplings and branching fractions obtained using the $\sqrt {s} = $ 7 and 8 TeV data, and their combination. |
| Summary |
| A direct search for model-independent anomalous operators in the Wtb vertex and FCNC couplings has been performed using single top quark $t$-channel production in data collected by the CMS experiment in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 and 8 TeV. Different possible anomalous contributions are investigated. The observed event rates are consistent with the SM prediction, and exclusion limits are extracted at 95% CL. The combined limits in three-dimensional scenarios on possible Wtb anomalous couplings are $f_{\rm V}^{\rm L} > 0.98$ for the left-handed vector coupling, $| f_{\rm V}^{\rm R}| < 0.16 $ for the right-handed vector coupling, $| f_{\rm T}^{\rm L}| <0.05$ 7 for the left-handed tensor coupling, and $ -0.049 < f_{\rm T}^{\rm R} < 0.048 $ for the right-handed tensor coupling. For FCNC couplings of the gluon to top and up quarks (tug) or top and charm quarks (tcg), the 95% CL exclusion limits on the coupling strengths are $|\kappa_{\rm tug}| /\Lambda < 4.1 \times 10^{-3}\,\mathrm{TeV^{ -1}}$ and $|\kappa_{\rm tcg}| /\Lambda < 1.8 \times 10^{-2}\,\mathrm{TeV^{ -1}}$ or, in terms of branching fractions, $\mathcal{B}(\rm t\rightarrow ug) < 2.0\times 10^{-5}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\rm t \rightarrow cg) < 4.1\times10^{-4}$. |
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