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| CMS-EXO-15-007 ; CERN-EP-2017-074 | ||
| Search for black holes in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 3 May 2017 | ||
| Phys. Lett. B 774 (2017) 279 | ||
| Abstract: A search for new physics in energetic, high-multiplicity final states has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{-1}$. The standard model background, dominated by multijet production, is determined exclusively from control regions in data. No statistically significant excess of events is observed. Model-independent limits on the product of the cross section and the acceptance of a new physics signal in these final states are set and further interpreted in terms of limits on the production of black holes. Semiclassical black holes and string balls with masses as high as 9.5 TeV, and quantum black holes with masses as high as 9.0 TeV are excluded by this search in the context of models with extra dimensions, thus significantly extending limits set at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the LHC Run 1 data. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1705.01403 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Contributions of the main QCD multijet background, as well as $ \gamma $+jets, V+jets (V = W, Z ), and ${{\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } }$ backgrounds to the $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $ distribution for (left ) exclusive multiplicity $N= $ 2 and (right ) inclusive multiplicity $N \ge $ 6. |
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Figure 1-a:
Contributions of the main QCD multijet background, as well as $ \gamma $+jets, V+jets (V = W, Z ), and ${{\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } }$ backgrounds to the $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $ distribution for exclusive multiplicity $N= $ 2. |
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Figure 1-b:
Contributions of the main QCD multijet background, as well as $ \gamma $+jets, V+jets (V = W, Z ), and ${{\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } }$ backgrounds to the $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $ distribution for inclusive multiplicity $N \ge $ 6. |
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Figure 2:
The distributions of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (electrons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 2, 3, 4, 5. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in each lower pane. The top two plots also show predictions for two quantum black hole benchmark scenarios added to the corresponding background predictions. |
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Figure 2-a:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (electrons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 2. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. The top also shows predictions for two quantum black hole benchmark scenarios added to the corresponding background predictions. |
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Figure 2-b:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (electrons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 3. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. The top also shows predictions for two quantum black hole benchmark scenarios added to the corresponding background predictions. |
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Figure 2-c:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (electrons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 4. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. |
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Figure 2-d:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (electrons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 5. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
The distributions of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (photons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in each lower pane. The lower three plots also show predictions for two semiclassical black hole signal benchmarks added to the corresponding background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (photons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 6. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (photons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 7. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (photons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 8. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. The plot also shows predictions for two semiclassical black hole signal benchmarks added to the corresponding background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (photons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 9. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. The plot also shows predictions for two semiclassical black hole signal benchmarks added to the corresponding background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-e:
The distribution of the total transverse energy, $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $, for inclusive multiplicities of objects (photons, muons, photons, or jets) $N\geq $ 10. Observed data are shown by points with error bars, the solid blue lines along with the grey shaded band show the main background estimation (central blue line), along with the uncertainty band (outer blue lines). The deviation of the fit from the data is shown in the lower pane. The plot also shows predictions for two semiclassical black hole signal benchmarks added to the corresponding background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for four sets of inclusive multiplicity thresholds: $N \ge $ 2, 3, 4, and 5. Observed (expected) limits are shown as solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 2. Observed (expected) limits are shown as solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 3. Observed (expected) limits are shown as solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-c:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 4. Observed (expected) limits are shown as solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-d:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 5. Observed (expected) limits are shown as solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for five sets of inclusive multiplicity thresholds: $N \ge $ 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Observed (expected) limits are shown as a solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 6. Observed (expected) limits are shown as a solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 7. Observed (expected) limits are shown as a solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 8. Observed (expected) limits are shown as a solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-d:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 9. Observed (expected) limits are shown as a solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-e:
Model-independent 95% CL upper limits on the cross section times acceptance for inclusive multiplicity threshold $N \ge $ 10. Observed (expected) limits are shown as a solid (dashed) lines, and the two bands correspond to $\pm $1 and 2 standard deviations in the expected limit. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
The 95% CL lower limits on the minimum semiclassical black hole mass as a function of the Planck scale $ {M_\mathrm {D}} $, for several benchmark models generated with BlackMax: nonrotating and rotating black holes without graviton emission and rotating black holes with energy-momentum loss. |
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Figure 7:
The 95% CL lower limits on minimum semiclassical black hole mass as a function of the Planck scale $ {M_\mathrm {D}} $, for several benchmark models generated with charybdis-2: rotating and nonrotating black holes, rotating black holes with an alternative evaporation model, rotating black holes with Yoshino-Rychkov suppression, and rotating black holes with a stable remnant. |
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Figure 8:
The 95% CL lower limits on minimum quantum black hole mass as a function of the Planck scale $ {M_\mathrm {D}} $, for several benchmark models. The blue (lower) line corresponds to quantum black holes in the RS1 model; while the other lines correspond to the ADD model for the number of extra dimensions $n = $ 2,..., 6. |
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Figure 9:
The 95% CL upper limits on the cross section for the production of string balls and the corresponding theoretical cross sections. The solid colored lines correspond to the observed cross section limits; the dashed colored curves correspond to theoretical cross sections. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Generator settings for various semiclassical BH model points probed in this analysis. These parameters are defined in Refs. [56] and [57] for the BlackMax and charybdis-2 generators, respectively. The generator settings not specified are kept at their default values. |
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Table 2:
The normalization regions and the corresponding $N = $ 2 background template normalization factors $s$ and their uncertainties for inclusive multiplicities, $ N\geq $ 2...10. The normalization factor uncertainties are given by $ s/\sqrt {N_\mathrm {NR}}$, where $N_\mathrm {NR}$ is the number of events in each normalization region. |
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Table 3:
Summary of the systematic uncertainties. The range of the background uncertainties correspond to the $ {S_{\mathrm {T}}} $ range probed. A dash implies that the corresponding uncertainty source does not apply. |
| Summary |
| We have conducted a search for new physics in multiparticle final states in a data sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{-1}$. The discriminating variable between signal and the dominant QCD multijet background is the scalar sum of the transverse energies of all reconstructed objects in the event, ${S_{\mathrm{T}}} $. The shape of the ${S_{\mathrm{T}}} $ distribution in low-multiplicity data is used to predict the QCD multijet background in high-multiplicity signal regions. No significant excess of events over the standard model expectation is observed in any of the analyzed final-state multiplicities. Comparing the ${S_{\mathrm{T}}} $ distribution in data with that from the background prediction, we set model-independent upper limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the cross section and the acceptance for hypothetical signals. In addition, we set limits on various theoretical black hole and string ball models, including models of rotating and nonrotating black holes and quantum black holes. In all cases the exclusions represent significant improvements over the limits achieved in Run 1 of the LHC. |
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