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| CMS-PAS-SMP-24-005 | ||
| Measurement of the inclusive WZ production cross section in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV with the CMS experiment | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 19 July 2024 | ||
| Abstract: The inclusive WZ cross section is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, using 34.7 fb$ ^{-1} $ of data collected during 2022 with the CMS detector. The measurement is performed in multileptonic final states by performing a simultaneous likelihood fit to the number of events in four different lepton flavour categories: $ \mathrm{eee} $, $ \mathrm{ee}{\mu} $, $ {\mu}{\mu}\mathrm{e} $, $ {\mu}{\mu}{\mu} $. The selection is optimized to minimize the number of background events thanks to the usage of an efficient prompt lepton discrimination strategy. The WZ production cross section is measured in a phase space, defined around a 30 GeV window around the Z mass, as $ \sigma_{\text{total}} (pp \rightarrow \mathrm{WZ}) = $ 55.2 $ \pm $ 1.2 (stat) $ \pm $ 1.2 (syst) $ \pm $ 0.8 (lumi) $ \pm $ 0.1 (theo) pb. In addition, the cross section is also measured in a fiducial phase space, closer to the detector level requirements, as $ \sigma_{\text{fiducial}} (pp \rightarrow \mathrm{WZ}) = $ 297.6 $ \pm $ 6.4 (stat) $ \pm $ 6.4 (syst) $ \pm $ 4.2 (lumi) $ \pm $ 0.5 (theo) pb. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; Physics Briefing ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagrams for WZ production at leading order in pp collisions. The contributions from the $ s $ channel (left), $ t $ channel (middle), and $ u $ channel (right) are shown. |
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Figure 1-a:
Feynman diagrams for WZ production at leading order in pp collisions. The contributions from the $ s $ channel (left), $ t $ channel (middle), and $ u $ channel (right) are shown. |
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Figure 1-b:
Feynman diagrams for WZ production at leading order in pp collisions. The contributions from the $ s $ channel (left), $ t $ channel (middle), and $ u $ channel (right) are shown. |
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Figure 1-c:
Feynman diagrams for WZ production at leading order in pp collisions. The contributions from the $ s $ channel (left), $ t $ channel (middle), and $ u $ channel (right) are shown. |
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Figure 2:
Distribution of observables in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distribution of observables in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 2-b:
Distribution of observables in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 2-c:
Distribution of observables in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 2-d:
Distribution of observables in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 3:
Distribution of the invariant mass of $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $ and $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $ in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data. The left (right) distribution shows the case in which both leptons are electrons (muons). The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 3-a:
Distribution of the invariant mass of $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $ and $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $ in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data. The left (right) distribution shows the case in which both leptons are electrons (muons). The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 3-b:
Distribution of the invariant mass of $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $ and $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $ in the ZZ CR after the fit to the data. The left (right) distribution shows the case in which both leptons are electrons (muons). The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. The ``Other" category groups all processes that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 4:
Distribution of observables in the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 4-a:
Distribution of observables in the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 4-b:
Distribution of observables in the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 4-c:
Distribution of observables in the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 4-d:
Distribution of observables in the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 5:
Distribution of observables in the $ \mbox{X}+\gamma $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 5-a:
Distribution of observables in the $ \mbox{X}+\gamma $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 5-b:
Distribution of observables in the $ \mbox{X}+\gamma $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 5-c:
Distribution of observables in the $ \mbox{X}+\gamma $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 5-d:
Distribution of observables in the $ \mbox{X}+\gamma $ CR after the fit to the data, described in Section 8. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $. The shaded bands show the total uncertainty on the MC prediction. The vertical bars of the data account for the statistical uncertainty. When present, underflow and overflow events are included in the first and last bin of the observables. The ``Other" category groups all process that have an small contribution to this region. |
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Figure 6:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $ (bottom right). The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 6-a:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $ (bottom right). The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 6-b:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $ (bottom right). The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 6-c:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $ (bottom right). The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 6-d:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: flavour composition, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^1_{\mathrm{Z}} $, $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell^2_{\mathrm{Z}} $, and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the $ \ell_{\mathrm{W}} $ (bottom right). The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: sum of charge of the final state leptons, missing transverse momentum, invariant mass of the two leptons assigned to the Z decay and invariant mass of the trileptonic system. The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-a:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: sum of charge of the final state leptons, missing transverse momentum, invariant mass of the two leptons assigned to the Z decay and invariant mass of the trileptonic system. The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-b:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: sum of charge of the final state leptons, missing transverse momentum, invariant mass of the two leptons assigned to the Z decay and invariant mass of the trileptonic system. The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-c:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: sum of charge of the final state leptons, missing transverse momentum, invariant mass of the two leptons assigned to the Z decay and invariant mass of the trileptonic system. The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-d:
Distributions of several observables in the SR after the fit. From top left to bottom right: sum of charge of the final state leptons, missing transverse momentum, invariant mass of the two leptons assigned to the Z decay and invariant mass of the trileptonic system. The shaded band in the ratio includes all systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 8:
Total WZ production cross section for each of the flavour-exclusive and flavour-inclusive categories. The solid vertical band shows the theoretical prediction from MATRIX. For each of the measurements, the best fit value is denoted with a purple point and three main groups of uncertainties (statistical, systematic and theoretical) are presented with delimiters on the error bars. |
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Figure 9:
Measurement obtained in this analysis together with other WZ production cross section measurements at different center-of-mass energies by the CMS [5,36,6] Collaboration, compared to the NNLO QCD $ \times $ NLO EW predictions, as well as the pure NLO prediction; computed in all cases with MATRIX. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Requirements for the definition of the signal and control regions of the analysis. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the input relative uncertainties for the WZ measurement. Numbers are presented in percentages over the total yields of the associated process they have an effect on. All uncertainties are treated as shape variations on the templates used for the fit, with the exception of the normalization uncertainties on the backgrounds that are treated as flat variations of the corresponding yield. |
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Table 3:
Number of selected events (by flavor channel) for the relevant processes in the signal region of the analysis after the fit. |
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Table 4:
Measured fiducial cross sections and their corresponding uncertainties for the flavour-exclusive and flavour-inclusive categories. The predictions from both POWHEG at NLO in QCD and LO EWK as well as several ones obtained from MATRIX (NNLO QCD, NNLO QCD $ \times $ NLO EWK) are also included. |
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Table 5:
Measured total cross sections and their corresponding uncertainties for the flavour-exclusive and flavour-inclusive categories. The predictions from both POWHEG at NLO in QCD and LO EWK as well as several ones obtained from MATRIX (NNLO QCD, NNLO QCD $ \times $ NLO EWK) are also included. |
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Table 6:
Breakdown of different sources of systematic and their relative impact in each channel, as well as in the combined measurement. |
| Summary |
| The $ \mathrm{pp}\to\mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z} $ production is studied in the trilepton final state at a new energy regime of $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV, using the 2022 data set with a total integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb$ ^{-1} $. The production cross section in the total and fiducial phase spaces are measured in the inclusive case as well as up to four different combinations of final state flavour composition. The cross section is measured to be $ \sigma_{\text{total}}(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \rightarrow \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}) = $ 55.2 $ \pm $ 1.2 (stat) $ \pm $ 1.4 (syst) $ \pm $ 0.1 (theo) pb. The observed accuracy that is achieved is shown to be competitive with previous measurements in terms of systematic uncertainty. This measurement is an addition to the set of LHC WZ cross section measurements, shown in Fig. 9, where the different results at different $ \sqrt{s} $ are also included. |
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