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| CMS-PAS-HIN-25-005 | ||
| Event activity dependence of relative $ \Upsilon $(nS) production in pPb collisions at 8.16 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2026-05-17 | ||
| Abstract: The relative production of the excited bottomonium states, $ \Upsilon $(2S) and $ \Upsilon $(3S), with respect to the ground state $ \Upsilon $(1S) is measured via the dimuon decay channel in proton-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $ \sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV. The analysis is based on data collected in 2016 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 175 $ \text{nb}^{-1} $. The measurements are performed as functions of event activity, characterized by the charged-particle multiplicity measured within the pseudorapidity range $ |\eta| < $ 2.4, as well as the total transverse energy deposited in the forward region 4.0 $ < |\eta| < $ 5.2. A decreasing behavior of the excited-state to ground-state yield ratios is observed with increasing charged-particle multiplicity and forward transverse energy. The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions that consider interactions of bottomonium states either with nearby particles produced in the same collision or with a hot medium that may form during the system evolution. The results provide new constraints on models describing the hadronization and modification of heavy quarks in nuclear collisions. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Invariant mass spectra of opposite-sign dimuons in pPb collisions, showing the $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ resonances for $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 30 GeV. The left panel corresponds to low-multiplicity events, while the right panel shows high-multiplicity events. The solid blue curve represents the total fit, with the background component shown by the dashed blue line. |
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Figure 1-a:
Invariant mass spectra of opposite-sign dimuons in pPb collisions, showing the $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ resonances for $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 30 GeV. The left panel corresponds to low-multiplicity events, while the right panel shows high-multiplicity events. The solid blue curve represents the total fit, with the background component shown by the dashed blue line. |
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Figure 1-b:
Invariant mass spectra of opposite-sign dimuons in pPb collisions, showing the $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ resonances for $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 30 GeV. The left panel corresponds to low-multiplicity events, while the right panel shows high-multiplicity events. The solid blue curve represents the total fit, with the background component shown by the dashed blue line. |
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Figure 2:
Measured $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ yield ratios as a function of $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $, in pPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV. The results are compared with the previous CMS measurement at 5.02 TeV [48], within the same rapidity and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ ranges. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 3:
Comparison of the $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ yield ratios as a function of charged-particle multiplicity across different collision systems. The new p--Pb results at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV are compared with earlier CMS measurements in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 TeV [49] and in Pb--Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV [94]. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 4:
(Left) The $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ ratios as a function of $ E_{T}(|\eta| > 4) $. The results are compared with previous measurements in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 2.76 TeV and in $ \mathrm{p} $Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV [48]. (Right) The same data points are shown as a function of $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $, after taking into account the correlation between $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $ and $ E_{T}(|\eta| > 4) $. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 4-a:
(Left) The $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ ratios as a function of $ E_{T}(|\eta| > 4) $. The results are compared with previous measurements in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 2.76 TeV and in $ \mathrm{p} $Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV [48]. (Right) The same data points are shown as a function of $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $, after taking into account the correlation between $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $ and $ E_{T}(|\eta| > 4) $. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 4-b:
(Left) The $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ ratios as a function of $ E_{T}(|\eta| > 4) $. The results are compared with previous measurements in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 2.76 TeV and in $ \mathrm{p} $Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV [48]. (Right) The same data points are shown as a function of $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $, after taking into account the correlation between $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $ and $ E_{T}(|\eta| > 4) $. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 5:
Measured $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ ratios as a function of $ N_{\mathrm{track}}^{\mathrm{corr.}} $, shown separately for events with no nearby tracks ($ N^{\Delta R}_{\mathrm{track}}= $ 0) and with at least one track ($ N^{\Delta R}_{\mathrm{track}}\geq $ 1) within $ \Delta R = $ 0.5. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 6:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ cross section ratios as a function of normalized charged-particle multiplicity, shown separately for differential rapidity (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (right) intervals. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 6-a:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ cross section ratios as a function of normalized charged-particle multiplicity, shown separately for differential rapidity (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (right) intervals. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 6-b:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ cross section ratios as a function of normalized charged-particle multiplicity, shown separately for differential rapidity (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (right) intervals. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 7:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ cross section ratios as a function of normalized charged-particle multiplicity, shown separately for differential rapidity (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (right) intervals. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 7-a:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ cross section ratios as a function of normalized charged-particle multiplicity, shown separately for differential rapidity (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (right) intervals. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 7-b:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ cross section ratios as a function of normalized charged-particle multiplicity, shown separately for differential rapidity (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (right) intervals. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively. |
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Figure 8:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ cross section ratios as a function of normalized charged-particle multiplicity in the rapidity interval $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and 0 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV. The results are also compared with the charmonium measurement in the same rapidity range for 6.5 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV [95]. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown as error bars and boxes, respectively.. |
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Figure 9:
(Left) $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to $ \text{N}^{{\text{corr.}}}_{\text{track}} $. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating QGP formation [68]. (Right) $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to the charged-particle multiplicity measured in $ |\eta^{\mathrm{track}}_{\mathrm{CM}}| < $ 0.5. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating the co-mover effect [70]. |
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Figure 9-a:
(Left) $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to $ \text{N}^{{\text{corr.}}}_{\text{track}} $. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating QGP formation [68]. (Right) $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to the charged-particle multiplicity measured in $ |\eta^{\mathrm{track}}_{\mathrm{CM}}| < $ 0.5. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating the co-mover effect [70]. |
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Figure 9-b:
(Left) $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to $ \text{N}^{{\text{corr.}}}_{\text{track}} $. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating QGP formation [68]. (Right) $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to the charged-particle multiplicity measured in $ |\eta^{\mathrm{track}}_{\mathrm{CM}}| < $ 0.5. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating the co-mover effect [70]. |
png pdf |
Figure 10:
(Left) Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to normalized charged-particle multiplicity in the rapidity interval $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and 0 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating QGP formation [68]. (Right) Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to normalized charged-particle multiplicity in the rapidity interval $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and 0 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating the co-mover effect [70]. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-a:
(Left) Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to normalized charged-particle multiplicity in the rapidity interval $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and 0 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating QGP formation [68]. (Right) Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to normalized charged-particle multiplicity in the rapidity interval $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and 0 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating the co-mover effect [70]. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-b:
(Left) Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to normalized charged-particle multiplicity in the rapidity interval $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and 0 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating QGP formation [68]. (Right) Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ with respect to normalized charged-particle multiplicity in the rapidity interval $ -2.86 < y_{\mathrm{CM}} < $ 1.93 and 0 $ < p_{T} < $ 30 GeV. The results are compared with a theoretical model incorporating the co-mover effect [70]. |
png pdf |
Figure 11:
Normalized $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ as functions of the normalized charged-particle multiplicity measured in $ |\eta^{\mathrm{track}}_{\mathrm{CM}}| < $ 1, for the kinematic region $ |y_{\mathrm{CM}}| < $ 1 and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 30 GeV. The results are compared with a MC simulation that incorporates a realistic description of the medium produced in heavy-ion collisions, including event-by-event initial collision geometry and hydrodynamic evolution [97]. |
| Summary |
| Measurements of the relative production of bottomonium in $ \mathrm{p}\text{Pb} $ collisions at a center-of-mass collision energy per nucleon pair of $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV have been presented. The relative yield ratios $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ and $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}}/\Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ are found decrease with increasing event activity. This trend is consistent with earlier pPb measurement at 5.02 TeV, but with substantially improved precision and an extended reach in event activity. Similar conclusions are found when measuring the event activity at forward rapidities, as compared to midrapidities, providing a strong indication that the observed suppression reflects a physical effect rather than an artifact of the activity definition. When compared to other collision systems, the new pPb results bridge the gap between pp and PbPb measurements, establishing a continuous suppression trend from high-multiplicity pp through pPb to peripheral PbPb collisions. No significant difference is observed in the suppression trend when comparing isolated $ \Upsilon $ mesons to those with charged particles nearby, indicating that this effect is tied to the global event environment rather than to local particle activity. Differential studies show no significant additional dependence on rapidity or transverse momentum beyond the global multiplicity trend. The inclusive bottomonium results are found to be consistent, within uncertainties, with the corresponding charmonium measurement, despite the large mass difference between the two quarkonium families. This consistency suggests that similar final-state mechanisms may be responsible for the observed suppression. Altogether, these measurements provide the most precise determination of multiplicity-dependent bottomonium suppression in pPb collisions to date. The precision achieved in this measurement establishes a stringent benchmark for future theoretical efforts to constrain quarkonium production and hadronization dynamics in small collision systems. |
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