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| CMS-PAS-HIN-18-004 | ||
| Charged-particle nuclear modification factors in XeXe collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}}= $ 5.44 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| May 2018 | ||
| Abstract: The differential yields of charged particles having pseudorapidity within $|\eta| < $ 1 are measured using 3.42 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ of XeXe collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}}= $ 5.44 TeV collected in 2017 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The yields are reported as functions of collision centrality and transverse momentum, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, from 0.5 to 100 GeV. A previously reported $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ spectrum from pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV is extrapolated in center-of-mass energy to form a suitable reference for comparison. The nuclear modification factors, $R^{*}_{\mathrm{AA}}$, are constructed with this extrapolated reference and compared to previous measurements and theoretical predictions. In head-on collisions the $R^{*}_{\mathrm{AA}}$ is suppressed by a factor of six in the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ range of 6-9 GeV but increases to approximately 0.7 at 100 GeV. A ratio between the XeXe spectra and previously reported spectra from PbPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV indicates a notably smaller suppression of charged-particle production for the same centrality selection and $p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 6 GeV. However, the suppression in XeXe events is slightly greater than in PbPb collisions when comparing selections having a similar number of participating nucleons. | ||
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These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, JHEP 10 (2018) 138. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures & Tables | Summary | Additional Figures | References | CMS Publications |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The XeXe tracking efficiency for six centrality selections. The tracking efficiency at low-$ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ values decreases because of the strict track quality requirements used. Above 3 GeV the efficiency is rather flat around 73%. The shaded bands show statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 2:
The ratio of charged-particle spectra in pp collisions at 5.44 and 5.02 TeV for three different MC generators. A fit to the PYTHIA 8 is shown by the red line. |
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Figure 3:
(Top panel) The charged-particle $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ spectra in six classes of XeXe centrality and the pp reference spectrum after being extrapolated to $ {\sqrt {s}} = $ 5.44 TeV. The statistical uncertainties are smaller than the markers for many of the points. To facilitate direct comparison, the pp points are converted to per-event yields using a constant factor of 70 mb. (Bottom panel) The systematic uncertainties for central and peripheral XeXe collisions, as well as the pp reference. |
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Figure 4:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in six centrality ranges. A previous measurement of ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ in PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 4-a:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in 0-5% centrality range. A previous measurement of ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ in PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 4-b:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in 5-10% centrality range. A previous measurement of ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ in PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 4-c:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in 10-30% centrality range. A previous measurement of ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ in PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 4-d:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in 30-50% centrality range. A previous measurement of ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ in PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 4-e:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in 50-70% centrality range. A previous measurement of ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ in PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 4-f:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in 70-80% centrality range. A previous measurement of ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ in PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 5:
The measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ in five centrality classes using the results of this analysis and data from Ref. [16]. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-a:
The measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ in 0-5% centrality class using the results of this analysis and data from Ref. [16]. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-b:
The measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ in 5-10% centrality class using the results of this analysis and data from Ref. [16]. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-c:
The measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ in 10-30% centrality class using the results of this analysis and data from Ref. [16]. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-d:
The measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ in 30-50% centrality class using the results of this analysis and data from Ref. [16]. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-e:
The measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ in 50-70% centrality class using the results of this analysis and data from Ref. [16]. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 6:
The charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV and ${R_{\text {AA}}}$ for PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV, as a function of $< N_{\text {part}} > $. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the total systematic uncertainties in the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Figure 7:
Measurements of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ comparing centrality ranges having similar values of $< N_{\text {part}}> $. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-a:
Measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ comparing centrality ranges having similar values of $< N_{\text {part}}> $, 0-5% and 1-30%. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-b:
Measurement of ${R_{\text {Pb}}^{\text {Xe}}}$ comparing centrality ranges having similar values of $< N_{\text {part}}> $, 70-80% and 70-90%. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 8:
A comparison of the charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV with theoretical predictions from Refs. [40,41,47,48,45,44,46,42,43] for 0-10% (left) and 30-50% (right) centrality classes. The hollow black boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe data. Ratios are shown in the bottom panels, where the gray band represents the total uncertainty in the measurement. |
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Figure 8-a:
A comparison of the charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV with theoretical predictions from Refs. [40,41,47,48,45,44,46,42,43] for 0-10% centrality class. The hollow black boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe data. Ratios are shown in the bottom panels, where the gray band represents the total uncertainty in the measurement. |
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Figure 8-b:
A comparison of the charged-particle ${R^{*}_{\text {AA}}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV with theoretical predictions from Refs. [40,41,47,48,45,44,46,42,43] for 30-50% centrality class. The hollow black boxes represent the systematic uncertainties of the XeXe data. Ratios are shown in the bottom panels, where the gray band represents the total uncertainty in the measurement. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
The values of $< N_{\text {part}} > $, $< N_{\text {coll}} > $, $T_{\text {AA}}$, and their uncertainties, for ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} =$ 5.44 TeV XeXe collisions and ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV PbPb collisions in the centrality ranges used here. |
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Table 2:
The systematic uncertainties related to the measurements reported here. The values quoted cover the centrality and $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ dependence of each uncertainty. They are separated into normalization uncertainties and all other systematic uncertainties. |
| Summary |
| The transverse momentum, $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $, spectra of charged particles having pseudorapidity $ | {\eta} | < 1$ have been measured in several ranges of collision centrality for XeXe collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.44 TeV. A pp reference spectrum for the same energy has been extrapolated from an existing measurement at ${\sqrt{s}} = $ 5.02 TeV using a scaling function calculated from simulated events. The nuclear modification factor with extrapolated reference, $ {R^{*}_{\text{AA}}} $, has been constructed from these spectra. In central events it is found to be suppressed by a factor of approximately 6 in the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ range of 6-9 GeV, before increasing to a value of around 0.7 at 100 GeV. This suppression is less than what has been observed in central PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. A ratio of the charged-particle spectra in these two collision systems indicates this can not be completely attributed to the difference in collision energy. Charged particle production in XeXe collisions is found to be slightly more suppressed than in PbPb collisions that have a similar number of participating nucleons rather than similar centrality. Taken together, these observations indicate that the strength of parton energy loss depends on the collision system size. Predictions from the Djordjevic, scet$_G$ and cujet3.1/cibjet models are found to agree with the measured $ {R^{*}_{\text{AA}}} $. A model of Andres et al. lies on the upper edge of $ {R^{*}_{\text{AA}}} $ for central events. Finally, calculation using a linear Boltzmann transport model also agrees with the data well, except for the kinematic range 20 $ < {p_{\mathrm{T}}} < $ 60 GeV in central events, where it follows the upper edge of the data. These measurements confirm the creation of a hot medium in XeXe collisions and constrain the system size dependence of hot nuclear medium effects. |
| Additional Figures | |
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Additional Figure 1:
The charged-particle $R^{*}_{\mathrm {AA}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV in the 0-80% centrality range. The asterisk on $R^{*}_{\mathrm {AA}}$ indicates the use of a pp reference extrapolated in center-of-mass energy from 5.02 to 5.44 TeV. A previous measurement of $R_{\mathrm {AA}}$ in inclusive PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV is also shown [16]. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the systematic uncertainties in the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Additional Figure 2:
The charged-particle $R^{*}_{\mathrm {AA}}$ for XeXe collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.44 TeV and $R_{\mathrm {AA}}$ for PbPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV [16], as a function of $< N_{\text {part}} > $. The asterisk on $R^{*}_{\mathrm {AA}}$ indicates the use of a pp reference extrapolated in center-of-mass energy from 5.02 to 5.44 TeV. The solid pink and open blue boxes represent the total systematic uncertainties in the XeXe and PbPb data, respectively. |
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Additional Figure 3:
A ratio between XeXe and PbPb spectra [16] ($R^{\mathrm {Xe}}_{\mathrm {Pb}}$) comparing centrality ranges having similar values of $< N_{\text {part}}> $. The blue line represents the expected deviation from unity caused by the different center-of-mass energies of the two collision systems. The solid pink boxes represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Additional Figure 4:
The $N_{\text {coll}}$-scaled differential yield of charged particles as a function of $N_{\text {coll}}$ for two different $p_{\text {T}}$ selections in XeXe hydjet events at 5.44 TeV. The yields are shown after selecting events based on the generator level $N_{\text {coll}}$ (solid lines), or using the total $E_{\text {T}}$ measured in the forward region (dashed lines). |
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Additional Figure 5:
The $N_{\text {coll}}$-scaled differential yield of charged particles as a function of $N_{\text {coll}}$ for two different $p_{\text {T}}$ selections in XeXe ampt with string melting events at 5.44 TeV. The yields are shown after selecting events based on the generator level $N_{\text {coll}}$ (solid lines), or using the total $E_{\text {T}}$ measured in the forward region (dashed lines). |
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Additional Figure 6:
The event selection bias predicted by the hydjet and ampt with string melting event generators, as a function of centrality and $p_{\text {T}}$. The bias is evaluated by taking a ratio between charged-particle differential yields selected with generator-level $N_{\text {coll}}$ and a centrality selection using the $E_{\text {T}}$ in the forward region. |
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Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
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