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| CMS-PAS-B2G-25-003 | ||
| Combination of CMS searches for heavy vector boson resonances at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2025-10-02 | ||
| Abstract: A combined statistical analysis of searches for heavy vector boson resonances decaying into pairs of W, Z, or H bosons, as well as into quark pairs ($ \mathrm{q}\bar{\mathrm{q}} $, $ \mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}} $, $ \mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}} $, $ \mathrm{tb} $) or lepton pairs ($ \ell\ell $, $ \ell\nu $), with $ \ell = e, \mu, \tau $, is presented. The results are based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $, collected by the CMS experiment between 2016 and 2018. No significant deviation from the expectations of the standard model (SM) is observed. The results are interpreted in the simplified heavy vector triplet (HVT) framework, setting 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross sections and coupling-strengths to SM particles of the heavy vector bosons. The combination provides the most stringent constraints to date on new phenomena predicted by the HVT model. The results exclude heavy vector boson resonances with a mass below 5.5 TeV in a weakly-coupled scenario, below 4.8 TeV in a strongly-coupled scenario, and up to 2.0 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion. These results represent a significant improvement over previous constraints, driven by the inclusion of the full data set and advances in the underlying analyses. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagrams for the production and decay of Z' and W' bosons via the Drell--Yan process (upper row) and the VBF process (lower row). The W' (Z') boson decays to WH (ZH) (upper left, lower left), WZ (WW) (upper middle, lower right), and fermion-antifermion pairs (upper right). |
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Figure 1-a:
Feynman diagrams for the production and decay of Z' and W' bosons via the Drell--Yan process (upper row) and the VBF process (lower row). The W' (Z') boson decays to WH (ZH) (upper left, lower left), WZ (WW) (upper middle, lower right), and fermion-antifermion pairs (upper right). |
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Figure 1-b:
Feynman diagrams for the production and decay of Z' and W' bosons via the Drell--Yan process (upper row) and the VBF process (lower row). The W' (Z') boson decays to WH (ZH) (upper left, lower left), WZ (WW) (upper middle, lower right), and fermion-antifermion pairs (upper right). |
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Figure 1-c:
Feynman diagrams for the production and decay of Z' and W' bosons via the Drell--Yan process (upper row) and the VBF process (lower row). The W' (Z') boson decays to WH (ZH) (upper left, lower left), WZ (WW) (upper middle, lower right), and fermion-antifermion pairs (upper right). |
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Figure 1-d:
Feynman diagrams for the production and decay of Z' and W' bosons via the Drell--Yan process (upper row) and the VBF process (lower row). The W' (Z') boson decays to WH (ZH) (upper left, lower left), WZ (WW) (upper middle, lower right), and fermion-antifermion pairs (upper right). |
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Figure 1-e:
Feynman diagrams for the production and decay of Z' and W' bosons via the Drell--Yan process (upper row) and the VBF process (lower row). The W' (Z') boson decays to WH (ZH) (upper left, lower left), WZ (WW) (upper middle, lower right), and fermion-antifermion pairs (upper right). |
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Figure 2:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ shown separately for the quarkonic (left) and leptonic (right) final states. The limits are evaluated under the HVT model A scenario. |
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Figure 2-a:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ shown separately for the quarkonic (left) and leptonic (right) final states. The limits are evaluated under the HVT model A scenario. |
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Figure 2-b:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ shown separately for the quarkonic (left) and leptonic (right) final states. The limits are evaluated under the HVT model A scenario. |
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Figure 3:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ shown separately for the bosonic final states. The limits are evaluated under the HVT model B scenario. |
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Figure 4:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ under HVT model A (left) and model B (right). |
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Figure 4-a:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ under HVT model A (left) and model B (right). |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ under HVT model A (left) and model B (right). |
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Figure 5:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the V' production cross section as a function of the resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{V}'} $ under HVT model C. |
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Figure 6:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The results are shown separately for the quarkonic (upper), leptonic (middle), and bosonic (lower) channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The results are shown separately for the quarkonic (upper), leptonic (middle), and bosonic (lower) channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The results are shown separately for the quarkonic (upper), leptonic (middle), and bosonic (lower) channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-c:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The results are shown separately for the quarkonic (upper), leptonic (middle), and bosonic (lower) channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-d:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The results are shown separately for the quarkonic (upper), leptonic (middle), and bosonic (lower) channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-e:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The results are shown separately for the quarkonic (upper), leptonic (middle), and bosonic (lower) channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-f:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The results are shown separately for the quarkonic (upper), leptonic (middle), and bosonic (lower) channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 7:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The combined results from all channels are shown for resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-a:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The combined results from all channels are shown for resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-b:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the coupling parameter $ g_{\mathrm{F}} $ as a function of $ g_{\mathrm{H}} $, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1. The combined results from all channels are shown for resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The results from the individual channels are also shown. The gray dotted lines denote coupling values above which the relative width of the resonance, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{V}'}/m_{\mathrm{V}'} $, exceeds 4 and 10%. The couplings corresponding to the HVT models A and B are indicated by cross markers. |
png pdf |
Figure 8:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits in the $ g_{q_{3}} $--$ g_{q_{12}} $ coupling plane, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1, $ g_{l_{12}} = $ 0, $ g_{l_{3}}= $ 0, and $ g_{\mathrm{H}} = $ 0. The results are shown for the diquark channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The contributions from individual channels are also shown. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-a:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits in the $ g_{q_{3}} $--$ g_{q_{12}} $ coupling plane, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1, $ g_{l_{12}} = $ 0, $ g_{l_{3}}= $ 0, and $ g_{\mathrm{H}} = $ 0. The results are shown for the diquark channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The contributions from individual channels are also shown. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-b:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits in the $ g_{q_{3}} $--$ g_{q_{12}} $ coupling plane, under the assumption $ g_{\mathrm{V}} = $ 1, $ g_{l_{12}} = $ 0, $ g_{l_{3}}= $ 0, and $ g_{\mathrm{H}} = $ 0. The results are shown for the diquark channels at resonance masses of 3 TeV (left) and 4 TeV (right). The contributions from individual channels are also shown. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the searches for difermion and diboson resonances used as inputs to this combined statistical analysis. The targeted production modes, resonance mass ranges, reconstructed objects, and references are listed. In the ``Jets'' column, only jets from the heavy resonance decay are indicated. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the main systematic uncertainties. The second column specifies whether the uncertainty affects the yield (Y), the shape (S) of the distributions, or both. The ``Effect'' columns summarize the typical impact of the uncertainty on the yield, migration, and signal shape parameters. Analyses are split by fermion and boson final states. The letters ``Sg'', ``Bg'' and ``SB'' indicate whether the uncertainty affects the signal, the dominant background or both, respectively. The letter ``U'' denotes cases where background parameters are unconstrained or allowed to float freely in the fit. A dash ``$ \text{---} $'' refers to cases where an uncertainty has a negligible effect or is not applicable. |
| Summary |
| A combined statistical analysis of searches for heavy vector boson resonances decaying into pairs of W, Z, or H bosons, as well as into quark pairs ($ \mathrm{q}\bar{\mathrm{q}} $, $ \mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}} $, $ \mathrm{t} \bar{\mathrm{t}} $, $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{b} $) or lepton pairs ($ \ell\bar{\ell} $, $ \ell\nu $), with $ \ell = \mathrm{e}, \mu, \tau $, is presented. The results are based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $, collected by the CMS experiment between 2016 and 2018. No significant deviation from the expectations of the standard model (SM) is observed. The results are interpreted in the simplified heavy vector triplet (HVT) framework, setting 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross sections of heavy vector bosons. These limits are further interpreted as constraints on their couplings to SM particles. The results exclude heavy vector boson resonances with a mass below 5.5 TeV in a weakly-coupled scenario, below 4.8 TeV in a strongly-coupled scenario, and up to 2.0 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion. These results represent a significant improvement over previous constraints, driven by the inclusion of the full data set and advances in the underlying analyses. Compared to results with the 2016 data alone, the sensitivity is improved by a factor of 1.7 to 3.6 for the strongly-coupled scenario and 4.4 to 7.7 for the weakly-coupled scenario. This combination provides the most stringent and comprehensive constraints to date on the production of heavy vector boson resonances in the HVT framework. |
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