CMS-PAS-HIG-16-044

CMS-PAS-HIG-16-044
Evidence for the decay of the Higgs boson to bottom quarks
CMS Collaboration
August 2017

Abstract: A search for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) decaying to $\mathrm{b\overline{b}}$ when produced in association with a weak vector boson (V) is reported for the following processes: $\mathrm{Z}(\nu\nu)\mathrm{H}$ , $\mathrm{W}(\mu\nu)\mathrm{H}$ , $\mathrm{W}(e\nu)\mathrm{H}$ , $\mathrm{Z}(\mu\mu)\mathrm{H}$ , and $\mathrm{Z}(\mathrm{ee})\mathrm{H}$ . The search is performed in data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb $^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC during Run 2 in 2016. An excess of events is observed in data compared to the expectation in the absence of a $\mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b\overline{b}}$ signal. The significance of this excess is 3.3 standard deviations, where the expectation from SM Higgs boson production is 2.8. The signal strength corresponding to this excess, relative to that of the SM Higgs boson production is 1.2 $\pm$ 0.4. This result is combined with the one from the search for the same processes performed by the CMS experiment in Run 1 of the LHC (using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 7 and $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV with data samples corresponding to luminosities of up to 5.1 fb $^{-1}$ and 18.9 fb $^{-1}$ , respectively). The observed combined signal significance is 3.8 standard deviations, where 3.8 are expected from a SM signal. The corresponding signal strength, relative to that of the SM Higgs boson, is 1.06 $^{+0.31}_{-0.29}$ .
Links: CDS record (PDF) ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, PLB 780 (2018) 501. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here.

Figures & Tables	Summary	References	CMS Publications

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Dijet invariant mass distributions for simulated samples of ${\mathrm{ Z } (\ell \ell)\mathrm{ H } (\mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ b })}$ events ( $m_{H} =$ 125 GeV), before (red) and after (blue) the energy correction from the regression procedure is applied. A combination of a Bernstein polynominal and a Crystal-Ball function is used to fit the distribution. The fitted mean and width of the core of the distribution are displayed on the figure.
png pdf	Figure 2: Examples of distributions for variables in the simulated samples and in data for different control regions and for different channels after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6. The top row of plots is from the 0-lepton Z+HF control region. The middle row shows variables in the 1-lepton ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ control region. The bottom row shows variables in the 2-lepton Z+HF control region. The plots on the left are always ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ . On the right is a key variable that is validated in that control region. They are, from top to bottom, the azimuthal angle between the two jets that comprise the Higgs boson, the reconstructed top quark mass, and the ratio of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ and ${{ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} }(\mathrm {jj})}$ .
png pdf	Figure 2-a: Distribution of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ , in the simulated samples and in data for the 0-lepton Z+HF control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6.
png pdf	Figure 2-b: Distribution of the azimuthal angle between the two jets that comprise the Higgs boson, in the simulated samples and in data for the 0-lepton Z+HF control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6.
png pdf	Figure 2-c: Distribution of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ , in the simulated samples and in data for the 1-lepton ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6.
png pdf	Figure 2-d: Distribution of the reconstructed top quark mass, in the simulated samples and in data for the 1-lepton ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6.
png pdf	Figure 2-e: Distribution of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ , in the simulated samples and in data for the 2-lepton Z+HF control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6.
png pdf	Figure 2-f: Distribution of the ratio of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ and ${{ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} }(\mathrm {jj})}$ , in the simulated samples and in data for the 2-lepton Z+HF control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6.
png pdf	Figure 3: On the left there are examples of ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ distributions in control regions after simulated samples are fit to the data. On the right are corresponding BDT distributions of the same control regions as the plots on the left. Note that the BDT distributions are not part of the fit and are primarily for validation. The control regions shown from top to bottom are: ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ for the 0-lepton channel, low mass HF for the single-muon channel, and HF for the dielectron channel.
png pdf	Figure 3-a: ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ distribution after simulated samples are fit to the data, in the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ control region for the 0-lepton channel.
png pdf	Figure 3-b: BDT distribution (not part of the fit, primarily for validation), in the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } }$ control region for the 0-lepton channel.
png pdf	Figure 3-c: ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ distribution after simulated samples are fit to the data, in the low mass HF control region for the single-muon channel.
png pdf	Figure 3-d: BDT distribution (not part of the fit, primarily for validation), in the low mass HF control region for the single-muon channel.
png pdf	Figure 3-e: ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ distribution after simulated samples are fit to the data, in the HF control region for the dielectron channel.
png pdf	Figure 3-f: BDT distribution (not part of the fit, primarily for validation), in the HF control region for the dielectron channel.
png pdf	Figure 4: Post-fit BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 0-lepton channel (top), for the 1-lepton channels (middle), and for the 2-lepton low- ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ and high- ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ regions (bottom). The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 4-a: Post-fit BDT output distribution for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 0-lepton channel. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 4-b: Post-fit BDT output distribution for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 1-lepton ( $\mu$ ) channel. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 4-c: Post-fit BDT output distribution for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 1-lepton (e) channel. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 4-d: Post-fit BDT output distribution for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-lepton ( $\mu$ ) channel, low- ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ region. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 4-e: Post-fit BDT output distribution for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-lepton (e) channel, low- ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ region. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 4-f: Post-fit BDT output distribution for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-lepton ( $\mu$ ) channel, high- ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ region. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 4-g: Post-fit BDT output distribution for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-lepton (e) channel, high- ${p_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm {V})}$ region. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for signal and backgrounds.
png pdf	Figure 5: Combination of all channels into a single event BDT distribution. Events are sorted in bins of similar expected signal-to-background ratio, as given by the value of the output of the value of their corresponding BDT discriminant (trained with a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 125 GeV). The bottom inserts show the ratio of the data to the background-only prediction.
png pdf	Figure 6: The best-fit value of the production cross section for a 125 GeV Higgs boson relative to the SM cross section-i.e., signal strength $\mu$ -is shown in black with green error band. Above the dashed line are the WH and ZH signal strengths when each production mode has an independent signal strength parameters in the fit. When each channel is fit with its own signal strength parameter, the results are shown below the dashed line.
png pdf	Figure 7: Combination of all channels in the VZ search, with ${\mathrm{ Z } \to {\mathrm{ b \bar{b} } } }$ into a single event BDT distribution. Events are sorted in bins of similar expected signal-to-background ratio, as given by the value of the output of their corresponding BDT discriminant. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the data to the predicted background, with a red line overlaying the expected SM contribution from VZ with ${\mathrm{ Z } \to {\mathrm{ b \bar{b} } } }$ .

Tables
png pdf	Table 1: Selection criteria that define the signal region. Entries marked with "-'' indicate that the variable is not used in the given channel. If different, the entries in square brackets indicate the selection for the different boost regions as defined in the first row of the table. The ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ thresholds for the highest and second highest ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ jets are ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} (\mathrm {j}_1)$ and ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} (\mathrm {j}_2)$ , respectively. ${\mathrm {CMVA_{max}}}$ and ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ are the b-tagging requirements for the jets with the highest and second-highest values of the output of the CMVA discriminant. $\mathrm {Anti{-}QCD}$ refers to rejection of events where ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ points in the same or opposite direction of a high ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ jet. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV, and for angles in units of radians.
png pdf	Table 2: Variables used in the training of the event BDT discriminant. Jets are counted as additional jets if they satisfy the following: ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 30 GeV and ${\| \eta \| } <$ 2.4 for 0-lepton, ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 25 GeV and ${\| \eta \| } <$ 2.9 for 1-lepton, and ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 30 GeV and ${\| \eta \| } <$ 2.4 for 2-lepton.
png pdf	Table 3: Definition of the control regions for the 0-lepton channel. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV, and for angles in units of radians. Entries marked with "-'' indicate that the variable is not used in the given control region.
png pdf	Table 4: Definition of the control regions for the 1-lepton channels. The same selection is used for all boost regions. LF and HF refer to light- and heavy-flavor jets. METsig is ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ divided by the square root of the scalar sum of jet ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ where jet ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 30 GeV. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV. Entries marked with "-'' indicate that the variable is not used in the given control region.
png pdf	Table 5: Definition of the control regions for the 2-lepton channels. The same selection is used for both the low- and high-boost regions. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV. Entries marked with "-'' indicate that the variable is not used in the given control region.
png pdf	Table 6: Data/MC scale factors for each of the main background processes in each channel, as obtained from the combined fit to control and signal region distributions described in Section 7. Electron and muons samples in the 1-lepton and 2-lepton channels are fit simultaneously to determine average scale factors.
png pdf	Table 7: Effect of each source of systematic uncertainty on the signal strength $\mu$ (defined as the ratio of the best-fit value for the production cross section for a 125 GeV Higgs boson, relative to the SM cross section). The third column shows the uncertainty in $\mu$ from each source when only that particular source is considered. The last column shows the percentage decrease in the uncertainty when removing that specific source of uncertainty. Due to correlations, the total systematic uncertainty is less than the sum in quadrature of the individual uncertainties. The second column shows whether the source affects only the normalization or both the shape and normalization of the event BDT output distribution. See text for details.
png pdf	Table 8: The total number of events in each channel, for the 20% most-sensitive region of the BDT output distribution, for the expected backgrounds, for the 125 GeV SM Higgs boson VH signal, and for data. The signal-to-background ratio (S/B) is also shown.
png pdf	Table 9: The expected and observed significances for VH production with ${\mathrm {H}\to {\mathrm{ b \bar{b} } } }$ are shown for each channel fit individually as well as for the combination of all three channels.
png pdf	Table 10: The expected and observed significances and the observed signal strengths for VH production with ${\mathrm {H}\to {\mathrm{ b \bar{b} } } }$ for Run1 data [17], Run2 2016 data, and for the combination of the two.
png pdf	Table 11: Validation results for VZ production with ${\mathrm{ Z } \to {\mathrm{ b \bar{b} } } }$ . Expected and observed signal strengths, and expected and observed local significances of the excess of events above the estimated background. Values are given in numbers of standard deviations.

Summary

A search for the 125 GeV standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) when produced in association with an electroweak vector boson and decaying to

$\mathrm{ b \bar{b} }$ is reported for the

$\mathrm{ Z }(\nu\nu)\mathrm{ H }$ ,

$\mathrm{ W }(\mu\nu)\mathrm{ H }$ ,

$\mathrm{ W }(\mathrm{ e }\nu)\mathrm{ H }$ ,

$\mathrm{ Z }(\mu\mu)\mathrm{ H }$ and

$\mathrm{ Z }(\mathrm{ e }\mathrm{ e })\mathrm{ H }$ processes. The search is performed in data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 35.9 fb

$^{-1}$ at

$\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The observed signal significance is 3.3 standard deviations, where the expectation from the SM Higgs production is 2.8. The corresponding signal strength is

$\mu=\sigma/\sigma_\mathrm{SM}=$ 1.2

$\pm$ 0.4.

The combination of this result with the one from the same search performed by the CMS experiment in Run 1 of the LHC using using proton-proton collisions at

$\sqrt{s}=$ 7 and

$\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV with data samples corresponding to luminosities of up to 5.1 fb

$^{-1}$ and 18.9 fb

$^{-1}$ , respectively yields an observed signal significance of 3.8 standard deviations, where 3.8 are expected from a SM signal. The corresponding signal strength is

$\mu=\sigma/\sigma_\mathrm{SM}=$ 1.06

$^{+0.31}_{-0.29}$ .

This result provides strong evidence for the decay of the Higgs boson into a pair of b quarks.

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