Compact Muon Solenoid
LHC, CERN
Visit us: CMS Public Website, CMS Physics ;
Contact us: CMS Publications Committee
| CMS-PAS-HIN-23-009 | ||
| The Bjorken-$ x $ evolution of gluon fields probed via incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 23 September 2024 | ||
| Abstract: The cross section for incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction off lead nuclei is measured to probe the event-by-event fluctuations of the gluon field density within heavy nuclei across a broad range of Bjorken-$ x $. Results are obtained using PbPb ultraperipheral collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.52 nb$^{-1}$. The dependence of the cross section on the photon-nucleus center-of-mass energy per nucleon ($ W^{\mathrm{Pb}}_{\gamma\mathrm{N}} $) is studied from $ W^{\mathrm{Pb}}_{\gamma\mathrm{N}} \approx $ 40 GeV up to 400 GeV, corresponding to a Bjorken-$ x $ interval of 5.8 $ \times $ 10$^{-3}$ $ > x > $ 6.5 $\times$ 10$^{-5} $. The ratio of incoherent to coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ cross sections is found to be independent of $ W^{\mathrm{Pb}}_{\gamma\mathrm{N}} $ and $ x $ over the range studied. Significant nuclear suppression of incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction is observed. For $ x < $ 10$^{-4} $, the suppression is comparable to that observed in coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction, becoming more pronounced as $ x $ increases. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
png pdf |
Figure 1:
The total differential incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction cross section versus $ |y| $ (left) and $ y $ (right) in PbPb UPCs at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV. The right panel shows the results after disentangling the directional correlation between the produced $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ and emitted forward neutrons. The values at $ -y $ and $ +y $ correspond to the $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $-Xn(Same) and $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $-Xn(Opposite) requirements, respectively. Data from the ALICE experiment [ALICE:2023gcs] is also displayed. The vertical bars and shaded boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The horizontal bars show the bin widths. Theoretical predictions from the LTA [63,64] are shown by curves. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-a:
The total differential incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction cross section versus $ |y| $ (left) and $ y $ (right) in PbPb UPCs at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV. The right panel shows the results after disentangling the directional correlation between the produced $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ and emitted forward neutrons. The values at $ -y $ and $ +y $ correspond to the $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $-Xn(Same) and $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $-Xn(Opposite) requirements, respectively. Data from the ALICE experiment [ALICE:2023gcs] is also displayed. The vertical bars and shaded boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The horizontal bars show the bin widths. Theoretical predictions from the LTA [63,64] are shown by curves. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-b:
The total differential incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction cross section versus $ |y| $ (left) and $ y $ (right) in PbPb UPCs at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV. The right panel shows the results after disentangling the directional correlation between the produced $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ and emitted forward neutrons. The values at $ -y $ and $ +y $ correspond to the $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $-Xn(Same) and $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $-Xn(Opposite) requirements, respectively. Data from the ALICE experiment [ALICE:2023gcs] is also displayed. The vertical bars and shaded boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The horizontal bars show the bin widths. Theoretical predictions from the LTA [63,64] are shown by curves. |
png pdf |
Figure 2:
The incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction cross section per $ \gamma \text{Pb} $ interaction as a function of $ W^{\mathrm{Pb}}_{\gamma\mathrm{N}} $ (lower axis) or Bjorken $ x $ (upper axis) from the CMS measurement. The ALICE mid-rapidity ($ |y| < $ 0.9) data [70] measured at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 2.76 TeV is also displayed. The vertical bars, the shaded and open boxes represent the statistical, experimental, and theoretical (photon flux) uncertainties, respectively. Theoretical predictions from IA and LTA [63,64], and CGC [71,72] are shown by the curves, where the shaded bands are the theoretical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
The ratio between incoherent and coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction cross section as a function of $ W^{\mathrm{Pb}}_{\gamma\mathrm{N}} $ from the CMS measurement. The midrapidity data in AuAu UPCs at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 200 GeV from STAR experiment [74] and in PbPb UPCs at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 2.76 TeV from ALICE experiment [70] are also displayed. The vertical bars and the shaded and open boxes of CMS data represent the statistical, experimental, and theoretical (photon flux) uncertainties, respectively. The vertical bars of STAR and ALICE data represent the total uncertainties. Theoretical predictions from the IA [73,64], LTA [63,64], and CGC [71,72] are shown by curves, where the shaded bands are the theoretical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
The nuclear suppression factor $ \mathrm{S^{\mathrm{J}/\psi}} $ of incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction as a function of Bjorken $ x $ extracted from the CMS measurement. The ALICE mid-rapidity ($ |y| < $ 0.9) data [70] is also displayed. The $ \mathrm{S^{\mathrm{J}/\psi}} $ of coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction from CMS [31] and ALICE [32] experiments are also displayed. The vertical bars and shaded and open boxes represent the statistical, experimental systematic, and theoretical systematic uncertainties, respectively. The prediction of $ \mathrm{S^{\mathrm{J}/\psi}} $ (incoherent) from the LTA [63,64] and CGC [71,72] models are shown by curves, where the shaded bands are the theoretical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
The corrected transverse momentum spectra of $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ pairs with a dimuon invariant mass in the $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ mass window of (2.95 $ < m_{\mu^{+}\mu^{-}} < $ 3.25 GeV) in 0nXn(Same) and 0nXn(Opposite) events. The results of the fit are shown by the various curves. The vertical bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainty. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
The corrected transverse momentum spectra of $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ pairs with a dimuon invariant mass in the $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ mass window of (2.95 $ < m_{\mu^{+}\mu^{-}} < $ 3.25 GeV) in 0nXn(Same) and 0nXn(Opposite) events. The results of the fit are shown by the various curves. The vertical bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainty. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
The corrected transverse momentum spectra of $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ pairs with a dimuon invariant mass in the $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ mass window of (2.95 $ < m_{\mu^{+}\mu^{-}} < $ 3.25 GeV) in 0nXn(Same) and 0nXn(Opposite) events. The results of the fit are shown by the various curves. The vertical bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainty. |
| Summary |
| In summary, this note presents the first energy-dependent measurement of the incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction off lead nuclei, obtained from PbPb UPCs at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV using forward neutron tagging. The production cross section is reported as a function of $ W^{\mathrm{Pb}}_{\gamma\mathrm{N}} $ in the range of 40 $ < W^{\mathrm{Pb}}_{\gamma\mathrm{N}} < $ 400 GeV (corresponding to 5.8 $ \times $ 10$^{-3} $ $> x >$ 6.5 $\times$ 10$^{-5} $). The ratio of incoherent-to-coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction cross sections, which directly probes the fluctuation of gluon field density, remains approximately constant at 0.3--0.5. This indicates similar $ x $ evolution for gluonic structure at nuclear and subnuclear levels, which challenges the notion of reaching the BDL. Incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction shows stronger suppression at lower $ x $ compared to the impulse approximation and a greater relative suppression at higher $ x $ compared to coherent photoproduction. Theoretical models, including nucleon substructure fluctuations, gluon saturation and nuclear shadowing, only partially account for the observed data, highlighting the need for further theoretical development. |
| References | ||||
| 1 | H1, ZEUS Collaboration | Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic $ {e^{\pm }p} $ scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data | EPJC 75 (2015) 580 | 1506.06042 |
| 2 | L. Frankfurt, M. Strikman, and C. Weiss | Small-x physics: From HERA to LHC and beyond | Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 55 (2005) 403 | hep-ph/0507286 |
| 3 | J. D. Bjorken | Asymptotic sum rules at infinite momentum | PR 179 (1969) 1547 | |
| 4 | E. Iancu and R. Venugopalan | The color glass condensate and high-energy scattering in QCD | in Quark-Gluon Plasma 4, R.~C. Hwa and X.-N. Wang, eds, 2003 link |
hep-ph/0303204 |
| 5 | F. Gelis, E. Iancu, J. Jalilian-Marian, and R. Venugopalan | The color glass condensate | Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 60 (2010) 463 | 1002.0333 |
| 6 | H. M ä ntysaari | Review of proton and nuclear shape fluctuations at high energy | Rept. Prog. Phys. 83 (2020) 082201 | 2001.10705 |
| 7 | CMS Collaboration | Observation of long-range near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC | JHEP 09 (2010) 091 | CMS-QCD-10-002 1009.4122 |
| 8 | CMS Collaboration | Evidence for collectivity in pp collisions at the LHC | PLB 765 (2017) 193 | CMS-HIN-16-010 1606.06198 |
| 9 | V. Guzey, M. Strikman, and M. Zhalov | Disentangling coherent and incoherent quasielastic $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction on nuclei by neutron tagging in ultraperipheral ion collisions at the LHC | EPJC 74 (2014) 2942 | 1312.6486 |
| 10 | ZEUS Collaboration | Exclusive photoproduction of $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ mesons at HERA | EPJC 24 (2002) 345 | hep-ex/0201043 |
| 11 | H1 Collaboration | Elastic $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ production at HERA | EPJC 46 (2006) 585 | hep-ex/0510016 |
| 12 | H1 Collaboration | Elastic and proton-dissociative photoproduction of $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ mesons at HERA | EPJC 73 (2013) 2466 | 1304.5162 |
| 13 | LHCb Collaboration | Exclusive $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ and $ \psi(2S) $ production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 TeV | JPG 40 (2013) 045001 | 1301.7084 |
| 14 | ALICE Collaboration | Exclusive $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction off protons in ultra-peripheral p-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | PRL 113 (2014) 232504 | 1406.7819 |
| 15 | ALICE Collaboration | Energy dependence of exclusive $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction off protons in ultra-peripheral p-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | EPJC 79 (2019) 402 | 1809.03235 |
| 16 | ALICE Collaboration | Exclusive and dissociative $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction, and exclusive dimuon production, in p-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV | PRD 108 (2023) 112004 | 2304.12403 |
| 17 | A. Accardi et al. | Electron Ion Collider: The next QCD frontier: Understanding the glue that binds us all | Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) 268 | 1212.1701 |
| 18 | A. J. Baltz et al. | The physics of ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC | Phys. Rep. 458 (2008) 1 | 0706.3356 |
| 19 | STAR Collaboration | Coherent diffractive photoproduction of $ \rho^0 $ mesons on gold nuclei at 200 GeV/nucleon-pair at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider | Phys. Rev. C 96 (2017) 054904 | 1702.07705 |
| 20 | PHENIX Collaboration | Photoproduction of $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ and of high mass $ \textrm{e}^+\textrm{e}^- $ in ultra-peripheral Au+Au collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 200 GeV | PLB 679 (2009) 321 | 0903.2041 |
| 21 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of exclusive $ \Upsilon $ photoproduction from protons in $ \mathrm{p} $Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | EPJC 79 (2019) 277 | CMS-FSQ-13-009 1809.11080 |
| 22 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of exclusive $ \rho(770)^0 $ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $ \mathrm{p} $Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | EPJC 79 (2019) 702 | CMS-FSQ-16-007 1902.01339 |
| 23 | STAR Collaboration | Tomography of ultrarelativistic nuclei with polarized photon-gluon collisions | eabq3903, 2023 Sci. Adv. 9 (2023) |
2204.01625 |
| 24 | ALICE Collaboration | Coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 2.76 TeV | PLB 718 (2013) 1273 | 1209.3715 |
| 25 | ALICE Collaboration | Charmonium and $ \textrm{e}^+\textrm{e}^- $ pair photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 2.76 TeV | EPJC 73 (2013) 2617 | 1305.1467 |
| 26 | ALICE Collaboration | Coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction at forward rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | PLB 798 (2019) 134926 | 1904.06272 |
| 27 | ALICE Collaboration | Coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ and $ \psi(2S) $ photoproduction at midrapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | EPJC 81 (2021) 712 | 2101.04577 |
| 28 | CMS Collaboration | Coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 2.76 TeV with the CMS experiment | PLB 772 (2017) 489 | CMS-HIN-12-009 1605.06966 |
| 29 | LHCb Collaboration | Study of coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ production in lead-lead collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5 TeV | JHEP 07 (2022) 117 | 2107.03223 |
| 30 | LHCb Collaboration | Study of exclusive photoproduction of charmonium in ultra-peripheral lead-lead collisions | JHEP 06 (2023) 146 | 2206.08221 |
| 31 | CMS Collaboration | Probing small bjorken-x nuclear gluonic structure via coherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | PRL 131 (2023) 262301 | CMS-HIN-22-002 2303.16984 |
| 32 | ALICE Collaboration | Energy dependence of coherent photonuclear production of $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ mesons in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | JHEP 10 (2023) 119 | 2305.19060 |
| 33 | H. M ä ntysaari and B. Schenke | Evidence of strong proton shape fluctuations from incoherent diffraction | PRL 117 (2016) 052301 | 1603.04349 |
| 34 | H. M ä ntysaari and B. Schenke | Probing subnucleon scale fluctuations in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions | PLB 772 (2017) 832 | 1703.09256 |
| 35 | T. Lappi and H. M ä ntysaari | Incoherent diffractive $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $-production in high energy nuclear DIS | Phys. Rev. C 83 (2011) 065202 | 1011.1988 |
| 36 | J. Cepila, J. G. Contreras, and J. D. Tapia Takaki | Energy dependence of dissociative $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction as a signature of gluon saturation at the LHC | --191, 2017 PLB 766 (2017) 186 |
1608.07559 |
| 37 | M. Strikman, M. Tverskoy, and M. Zhalov | Neutron tagging of quasielastic $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction off nucleus in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies | PLB 626 (2005) 72 | hep-ph/0505023 |
| 38 | V. Guzey, E. Kryshen, and M. Zhalov | Coherent photoproduction of vector mesons in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions: Update for run 2 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider | Phys. Rev. C 93 (2016) 055206 | 1602.01456 |
| 39 | CMS Collaboration | CMS luminosity measurement for nucleus-nucleus collisions at 5.02 TeV in Run 2 | ||
| 40 | CMS Collaboration | The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC | JINST 3 (2008) S08004 | |
| 41 | CMS Collaboration | Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | JINST 15 (2020) P10017 | CMS-TRG-17-001 2006.10165 |
| 42 | CMS Collaboration | The CMS trigger system | JINST 12 (2017) P01020 | CMS-TRG-12-001 1609.02366 |
| 43 | CMS Collaboration | Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC | JINST 16 (2021) P05014 | CMS-EGM-17-001 2012.06888 |
| 44 | CMS Collaboration | Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | JINST 13 (2018) P06015 | CMS-MUO-16-001 1804.04528 |
| 45 | CMS Collaboration | Description and performance of track and primary-vertex reconstruction with the CMS tracker | JINST 9 (2014) P10009 | CMS-TRK-11-001 1405.6569 |
| 46 | CMS Collaboration | Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector | JINST 12 (2017) P10003 | CMS-PRF-14-001 1706.04965 |
| 47 | G. Bayatian et al. | Design, performance and calibration of the CMS forward calorimeter wedges | EPJC 53 (2008) 139 | |
| 48 | O. Sur \'a nyi et al. | Performance of the CMS zero degree calorimeters in $ \mathrm{p} $Pb collisions at the LHC | JINST 16 (2021) P05008 | 2102.06640 |
| 49 | S. R. Klein et al. | STARlight: A Monte Carlo simulation program for ultra-peripheral collisions of relativistic ions | Comput. Phys. Commun. 212 (2017) 258 | 1607.03838 |
| 50 | GEANT4 Collaboration | GEANT 4---a simulation toolkit | Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. A 506 (2003) 250 | |
| 51 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the inclusive W and Z production cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 7 TeV | JHEP 10 (2011) 132 | CMS-EWK-10-005 1107.4789 |
| 52 | CMS Collaboration | Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 7 TeV | JINST 7 (2012) P10002 | CMS-MUO-10-004 1206.4071 |
| 53 | Particle Data Group Collaboration | Review of particle physics | Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022 (2022) 083C01 | |
| 54 | CMS Collaboration | Observation of forward neutron multiplicity dependence of dimuon acoplanarity in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | PRL 127 (2021) 122001 | CMS-HIN-19-014 2011.05239 |
| 55 | I. A. Pshenichnov et al. | Mutual heavy ion dissociation in peripheral collisions at ultrarelativistic energies | Phys. Rev. C 64 (2001) 024903 | nucl-th/0101035 |
| 56 | ALICE Collaboration | Measurement of the cross section for electromagnetic dissociation with neutron emission in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 2.76 TeV | PRL 109 (2012) 252302 | 1203.2436 |
| 57 | ATLAS Collaboration | Exclusive dimuon production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV with ATLAS | Phys. Rev. C 104 (2021) 024906 | 2011.12211 |
| 58 | R. N. Cahn and J. D. Jackson | Realistic equivalent photon yields in heavy ion collisions | PRD 42 (1990) 3690 | |
| 59 | G. Baur and L. G. Ferreira Filho | Coherent particle production at relativistic heavy ion colliders including strong absorption effects | Nucl. Phys. A 518 (1990) 786 | |
| 60 | M. Vidovic, M. Greiner, C. Best, and G. Soff | Impact parameter dependence of the electromagnetic particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions | Phys. Rev. C 47 (1993) 2308 | |
| 61 | A. J. Baltz, S. R. Klein, and J. Nystrand | Coherent vector meson photoproduction with nuclear breakup in relativistic heavy ion collisions | PRL 89 (2002) 012301 | nucl-th/0205031 |
| 62 | ALICE Collaboration | First measurement of the $ |t| $ dependence of incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ Photonuclear Production | no.~16, 162302, 2024 PRL 132 (2024) |
2305.06169 |
| 63 | V. Guzey, M. Strikman, and M. Zhalov | Nucleon dissociation and incoherent $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ photoproduction on nuclei in ion ultraperipheral collisions at the Large Hadron Collider | Phys. Rev. C 99 (2019) 015201 | 1808.00740 |
| 64 | E. Kryshen, M. Strikman, and M. Zhalov | Photoproduction of $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ with neutron tagging in ultraperipheral collisions of nuclei at RHIC and at the LHC | Phys. Rev. C 108 (2023) 024904 | 2303.12052 |
| 65 | CMS Collaboration | Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016 at CMS | EPJC 81 (2021) 800 | CMS-LUM-17-003 2104.01927 |
| 66 | M. Oreglia et al. | A study of the reaction $ \psi(2S) \to \gamma \gamma \mathrm{J}/\psi $ | PRD 25 (1982) 2259 | |
| 67 | H1 Collaboration | Diffractive photoproduction of $ \psi(2S) $ mesons at HERA | PLB 541 (2002) 251 | hep-ex/0205107 |
| 68 | D. d'Enterria and C. Loizides | Progress in the Glauber model at collider energies | Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 71 (2021) 315 | 2011.14909 |
| 69 | A. J. Baltz, M. J. Rhoades-Brown, and J. Weneser | Heavy ion partial beam lifetimes due to coulomb induced processes | Phys. Rev. E 54 (1996) 4233 | |
| 70 | ALICE Collaboration | Charmonium and $ e^+e^- $ pair photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 2.76 TeV | EPJC 73 (2013) 2617 | 1305.1467 |
| 71 | H. M ä ntysaari, F. Salazar, and B. Schenke | Energy dependent nuclear suppression from gluon saturation in exclusive vector meson production | no.~7, L071504, 2024 PRD 109 (2024) |
2312.04194 |
| 72 | H. M ä ntysaari, F. Salazar, and B. Schenke | Nuclear geometry at high energy from exclusive vector meson production | no.~7, 074019, 2022 PRD 106 (2022) |
2207.03712 |
| 73 | V. Guzey, E. Kryshen, M. Strikman, and M. Zhalov | Evidence for nuclear gluon shadowing from the ALICE measurements of PbPb ultraperipheral exclusive $ \mathrm{J}/\psi $ production | PLB 726 (2013) 290 | 1305.1724 |
| 74 | STAR Collaboration | Observation of Strong Nuclear Suppression in Exclusive J/\ensuremath\psi Photoproduction in Au+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions at RHIC | no.~5, 052301, 2024 PRL 133 (2024) |
2311.13637 |
| 75 | G. Baur, K. Hencken, and D. Trautmann | Electron-positron pair production in relativistic heavy ion collisions | Phys. Rept. 453 (2007) 1 | 0706.0654 |
| 76 | S. Klein, A. H. Mueller, B.-W. Xiao, and F. Yuan | Acoplanarity of a lepton pair to probe the electromagnetic property of quark matter | PRL 122 (2019) 132301 | 1811.05519 |
| 77 | STAR Collaboration | Exclusive J/\ensuremath\psi, \ensuremath\psi(2s), and e+e\ensuremath- pair production in Au+Au ultraperipheral collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider | no.~1, 014911, 2024 Phys. Rev. C 110 (2024) |
2311.13632 |
|
|
Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
|
|
|
|
|
|