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| CMS-TOP-24-001 ; CERN-EP-2025-201 | ||
| Measurement of the dineutrino system kinematic variables in dileptonic top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 30 September 2025 | ||
| Submitted to J. High Energy Phys. | ||
| Abstract: Differential top quark pair production cross sections are measured in the dilepton final states $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $, $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $, and $ \mathrm{e}^{\pm}\mu^{\mp} $, as a function of kinematic variables of the two-neutrino system: the transverse momentum $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ of the dineutrino system, the minimum distance in azimuthal angle between $ {\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu} $ and leptons, and in two dimensions in bins of both observables. The measurements are performed using CERN LHC proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV, recorded by the CMS detector between 2016 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The measured cross sections are unfolded to the particle level using an unregularized least squares method. Results are compared with predictions by the standard model of particle physics, and found to be in agreement with theoretical calculations as well as Monte Carlo simulations. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2510.00160 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
In the left diagram, the SM $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production process is sketched, whereas the right diagram shows the production of a hypothetical top squark pair, $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}\overline{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_{1} $, with both top squarks decaying to a top quark and a neutralino, $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $. This analysis focuses on signatures, where both of the W bosons decay leptonically. |
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Figure 1-a:
In the left diagram, the SM $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production process is sketched, whereas the right diagram shows the production of a hypothetical top squark pair, $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}\overline{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_{1} $, with both top squarks decaying to a top quark and a neutralino, $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $. This analysis focuses on signatures, where both of the W bosons decay leptonically. |
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Figure 1-b:
In the left diagram, the SM $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production process is sketched, whereas the right diagram shows the production of a hypothetical top squark pair, $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}\overline{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_{1} $, with both top squarks decaying to a top quark and a neutralino, $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $. This analysis focuses on signatures, where both of the W bosons decay leptonically. |
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Figure 2:
Observed (black markers) and expected (filled histograms) distributions of leading lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), leading jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper right), the number of jets (lower left), and the number of b tagged jets (lower right), after event selection. The hatched (grey) areas denote the systematic (total) uncertainties on the expected yields. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between observed and expected distributions. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-a:
Observed (black markers) and expected (filled histograms) distributions of leading lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), leading jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper right), the number of jets (lower left), and the number of b tagged jets (lower right), after event selection. The hatched (grey) areas denote the systematic (total) uncertainties on the expected yields. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between observed and expected distributions. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-b:
Observed (black markers) and expected (filled histograms) distributions of leading lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), leading jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper right), the number of jets (lower left), and the number of b tagged jets (lower right), after event selection. The hatched (grey) areas denote the systematic (total) uncertainties on the expected yields. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between observed and expected distributions. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-c:
Observed (black markers) and expected (filled histograms) distributions of leading lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), leading jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper right), the number of jets (lower left), and the number of b tagged jets (lower right), after event selection. The hatched (grey) areas denote the systematic (total) uncertainties on the expected yields. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between observed and expected distributions. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-d:
Observed (black markers) and expected (filled histograms) distributions of leading lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), leading jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper right), the number of jets (lower left), and the number of b tagged jets (lower right), after event selection. The hatched (grey) areas denote the systematic (total) uncertainties on the expected yields. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between observed and expected distributions. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 3:
Difference between $ p_{\mathrm{T,gen.}}^\text{miss} $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T,rec.}}^\text{miss} $ as a function of the $ p_{\mathrm{T,gen.}}^\text{miss} $ (upper) and the number of primary vertices (lower) for signal events. The mean difference between the generated and the $ p_{\mathrm{T,rec.}}^\text{miss} $ per bin is shown as solid line, while the dashed line shows the standard deviation $ \sigma $, which corresponds to the resolution. The results for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ corrected by the DNN regression (thick light blue), derived with the PUPPI algorithm (thin red), and the PF algorithm (thinner orange) are shown. A simulated sample for the 2018 data-taking period is used. |
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Figure 3-a:
Difference between $ p_{\mathrm{T,gen.}}^\text{miss} $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T,rec.}}^\text{miss} $ as a function of the $ p_{\mathrm{T,gen.}}^\text{miss} $ (upper) and the number of primary vertices (lower) for signal events. The mean difference between the generated and the $ p_{\mathrm{T,rec.}}^\text{miss} $ per bin is shown as solid line, while the dashed line shows the standard deviation $ \sigma $, which corresponds to the resolution. The results for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ corrected by the DNN regression (thick light blue), derived with the PUPPI algorithm (thin red), and the PF algorithm (thinner orange) are shown. A simulated sample for the 2018 data-taking period is used. |
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Figure 3-b:
Difference between $ p_{\mathrm{T,gen.}}^\text{miss} $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T,rec.}}^\text{miss} $ as a function of the $ p_{\mathrm{T,gen.}}^\text{miss} $ (upper) and the number of primary vertices (lower) for signal events. The mean difference between the generated and the $ p_{\mathrm{T,rec.}}^\text{miss} $ per bin is shown as solid line, while the dashed line shows the standard deviation $ \sigma $, which corresponds to the resolution. The results for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ corrected by the DNN regression (thick light blue), derived with the PUPPI algorithm (thin red), and the PF algorithm (thinner orange) are shown. A simulated sample for the 2018 data-taking period is used. |
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Figure 4:
Breakdown of the relative uncertainties from experimental (left) and theoretical (right) uncertainties on the differential cross section measurement as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and both variables (lower). In the last case, each group of four bins corresponds to $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bins, and $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ bin edges are indicated by vertical solid lines. The statistical uncertainty (dark grey) takes the size of available event counts in both the simulated samples and the recorded data into account. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 4-a:
Breakdown of the relative uncertainties from experimental (left) and theoretical (right) uncertainties on the differential cross section measurement as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and both variables (lower). In the last case, each group of four bins corresponds to $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bins, and $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ bin edges are indicated by vertical solid lines. The statistical uncertainty (dark grey) takes the size of available event counts in both the simulated samples and the recorded data into account. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 4-b:
Breakdown of the relative uncertainties from experimental (left) and theoretical (right) uncertainties on the differential cross section measurement as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and both variables (lower). In the last case, each group of four bins corresponds to $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bins, and $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ bin edges are indicated by vertical solid lines. The statistical uncertainty (dark grey) takes the size of available event counts in both the simulated samples and the recorded data into account. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 4-c:
Breakdown of the relative uncertainties from experimental (left) and theoretical (right) uncertainties on the differential cross section measurement as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and both variables (lower). In the last case, each group of four bins corresponds to $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bins, and $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ bin edges are indicated by vertical solid lines. The statistical uncertainty (dark grey) takes the size of available event counts in both the simulated samples and the recorded data into account. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 4-d:
Breakdown of the relative uncertainties from experimental (left) and theoretical (right) uncertainties on the differential cross section measurement as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and both variables (lower). In the last case, each group of four bins corresponds to $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bins, and $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ bin edges are indicated by vertical solid lines. The statistical uncertainty (dark grey) takes the size of available event counts in both the simulated samples and the recorded data into account. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 4-e:
Breakdown of the relative uncertainties from experimental (left) and theoretical (right) uncertainties on the differential cross section measurement as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and both variables (lower). In the last case, each group of four bins corresponds to $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bins, and $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ bin edges are indicated by vertical solid lines. The statistical uncertainty (dark grey) takes the size of available event counts in both the simulated samples and the recorded data into account. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-f:
Breakdown of the relative uncertainties from experimental (left) and theoretical (right) uncertainties on the differential cross section measurement as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and both variables (lower). In the last case, each group of four bins corresponds to $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bins, and $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ bin edges are indicated by vertical solid lines. The statistical uncertainty (dark grey) takes the size of available event counts in both the simulated samples and the recorded data into account. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 5:
The observed (black markers) and simulated distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^\text{miss} $ (upper left), $ \min[\Delta\phi(\vec{p}_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^{\,\text{miss}},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (upper right), and the 2D distribution (lower) with both observables are shown. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The hatched (grey) areas indicate the systematic (total) uncertainty on the simulation. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed data to the expectation from MC simulation in each bin. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 5-a:
The observed (black markers) and simulated distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^\text{miss} $ (upper left), $ \min[\Delta\phi(\vec{p}_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^{\,\text{miss}},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (upper right), and the 2D distribution (lower) with both observables are shown. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The hatched (grey) areas indicate the systematic (total) uncertainty on the simulation. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed data to the expectation from MC simulation in each bin. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 5-b:
The observed (black markers) and simulated distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^\text{miss} $ (upper left), $ \min[\Delta\phi(\vec{p}_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^{\,\text{miss}},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (upper right), and the 2D distribution (lower) with both observables are shown. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The hatched (grey) areas indicate the systematic (total) uncertainty on the simulation. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed data to the expectation from MC simulation in each bin. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 5-c:
The observed (black markers) and simulated distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^\text{miss} $ (upper left), $ \min[\Delta\phi(\vec{p}_{\mathrm{T,DNN}}^{\,\text{miss}},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (upper right), and the 2D distribution (lower) with both observables are shown. Events from all data-taking periods and all channels are combined. The hatched (grey) areas indicate the systematic (total) uncertainty on the simulation. Vertical and horizontal error bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainty and the bin width, respectively. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed data to the expectation from MC simulation in each bin. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 6:
Result of the closure test based on simulation accounting for potential BSM contributions based on a top squark pair production scenario with a stop mass of 525 GeV and a neutralino mass of 350 GeV. The potential BSM contribution is scaled by a factor of ten. The test is performed for the $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper) and 2D measurement (lower) using the nominal (black circles), the regularized (orange triangles), and the bin-by-bin unfolding (purple squares), based on all data-taking periods combined. The unfolded distributions are compared to the expected distribution (red solid line) based on the sum of the nominal dileptonic $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ signal sample and BSM signal with the corresponding $ \chi^2 $/(number of degrees of freedom) values given in the legend in square brackets. The distribution used for the response matrix is shown in blue (dotted line). The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty. The lower part shows the ratios between the unfolded and the expected distributions. |
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Figure 6-a:
Result of the closure test based on simulation accounting for potential BSM contributions based on a top squark pair production scenario with a stop mass of 525 GeV and a neutralino mass of 350 GeV. The potential BSM contribution is scaled by a factor of ten. The test is performed for the $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper) and 2D measurement (lower) using the nominal (black circles), the regularized (orange triangles), and the bin-by-bin unfolding (purple squares), based on all data-taking periods combined. The unfolded distributions are compared to the expected distribution (red solid line) based on the sum of the nominal dileptonic $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ signal sample and BSM signal with the corresponding $ \chi^2 $/(number of degrees of freedom) values given in the legend in square brackets. The distribution used for the response matrix is shown in blue (dotted line). The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty. The lower part shows the ratios between the unfolded and the expected distributions. |
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Figure 6-b:
Result of the closure test based on simulation accounting for potential BSM contributions based on a top squark pair production scenario with a stop mass of 525 GeV and a neutralino mass of 350 GeV. The potential BSM contribution is scaled by a factor of ten. The test is performed for the $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper) and 2D measurement (lower) using the nominal (black circles), the regularized (orange triangles), and the bin-by-bin unfolding (purple squares), based on all data-taking periods combined. The unfolded distributions are compared to the expected distribution (red solid line) based on the sum of the nominal dileptonic $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ signal sample and BSM signal with the corresponding $ \chi^2 $/(number of degrees of freedom) values given in the legend in square brackets. The distribution used for the response matrix is shown in blue (dotted line). The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty. The lower part shows the ratios between the unfolded and the expected distributions. |
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Figure 7:
The measured differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
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Figure 7-a:
The measured differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
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Figure 7-b:
The measured differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
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Figure 7-c:
The measured differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
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Figure 8:
The measured normalized differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
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Figure 8-a:
The measured normalized differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-b:
The measured normalized differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-c:
The measured normalized differential signal cross sections (black markers) as functions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ (upper), $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $ (middle), and double-differential in both observables (lower) are shown. The theoretical predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA (dark red), POWHEG + HERWIG (orange), MC@NLO+PYTHIA (purple), and the fixed-order NLO (light blue) and NNLO (brown) calculations are compared to the measurement. The cross sections in the last $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ bin of the upper (lower) plot are determined for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} > $ 410 (200) GeV and normalised to a bin width of 90 (200) GeV for visualisation purposes. The total (statistical) uncertainty on the measurement is shown as an orange (dark grey) band. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio between theoretical predictions and the measurement. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Data and MC simulation yields after the event selection, combined for all data-taking periods and split by channels. The uncertainties on the expected yields include systematic and statistical uncertainties (discussed in Section 6). The relative contribution in percent of each process to the total expected yield of a channel is given in parentheses. |
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Table 2:
Definition of the fiducial phase space for the same-flavor and the different-flavor channels. |
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Table 3:
Results of the $ \chi^2 $ tests for the absolute and normalized differential cross section measurements for each of the predictions. The $ \chi^2 $ values including the uncertainties on the predictions are given in parentheses. |
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Table 4:
The $ p $-value of the $ \chi^2 $ tests for the absolute and normalized cross section measurements for each of the predictions. The resulting $ p $-values including uncertainties on the predictions are given in parentheses. |
| Summary |
| Differential cross section measurements have been presented for the top quark pair production in the dileptonic channel in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using observables based on the dineutrino kinematic properties. The measurements are performed based on the pp collision data recorded by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC between 2016 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The differential cross sections are measured as functions of the transverse momentum of the dineutrino system $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $, and the minimal azimuthal angle between the dineutrino system and a charged lepton $ \min[\Delta\phi({\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\nu\nu},{\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\,\ell})] $, as well as both observables in two dimensions. To improve the resolution of the missing transverse momentum, which serves as a measure of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\nu\nu} $ in signal events, a dedicated deep neural network regression has been developed. The method significantly improves the resolution of both the magnitude and the azimuthal angle of the missing transverse momentum. The absolute and normalized differential cross section results are obtained based on an unregularized least squares unfolding method. The differential cross sections are compared to predictions based on Monte Carlo simulation as well as two fixed-order theoretical calculations, corresponding to next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy in quantum chromodynamics. A remarkable agreement between the different theoretical predictions and the measured differential cross sections is observed. For both one-dimensional measurements, the best overall description is provided by the two POWHEG predictions, while for the two-dimensional measurement the best agreement is observed for the NNLO fixed-order calculation. However, the differences between the five predictions are mostly small, such that none of the predictions is significantly disfavored by the measured differential cross sections. These results constitute the first differential cross section measurements based on the dineutrino kinematic properties in top quark pair production. |
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