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| CMS-HIN-25-009 ; CERN-EP-2025-222 | ||
| Observation of long-range collective flow in OO and NeNe collisions and implications for nuclear structure studies | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 3 October 2025 | ||
| Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. | ||
| Abstract: The long-range collective flow of particles produced in oxygen-oxygen (OO) and neon-neon (NeNe) collisions is measured with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data samples were collected at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV, with integrated luminosities of 7 nb$^{-1}$ and 0.8 nb$^{-1}$ for OO and NeNe collisions, respectively. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations are measured over nearly five units of pseudorapidity. Significant elliptic ($ v_{2} $) and triangular ($ v_{3} $) flow harmonics are observed in both systems. The ratios of $ v_{n} $ coefficients between NeNe and OO collisions reveal sensitivity to quadrupole correlations in the nuclear wave functions. Hydrodynamic models with ab initio nuclear structure inputs qualitatively reproduce the collision-overlap dependence of both the $ v_{n} $ values and the NeNe to OO ratios. These measurements provide new constraints on hydrodynamic models for small collision systems and offer valuable input on the nuclear structure of $ ^{16} $O and $ ^{20} $Ne. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2510.02580 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The $ v_{2}\{2,|\Delta\eta| > 2\} $, $ v_{3}\{2,|\Delta\eta| > 2\} $ and $ v_{2}\{4\} $ values for charged particles with 0.3 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 3.0 GeV and $ |\eta| < $ 2.4 are shown as functions of centrality in OO (left) and NeNe (right) collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.36 TeV. The $ v_{2}\{2,|\Delta\eta| > 2\} $ and $ v_{3}\{2,|\Delta\eta| > 2\} $ results after subtracting the dijet correlations (denoted as "sub") are indicated by the dot-dashed lines. Statistical uncertainties are smaller than the markers. The shaded boxes denote systematic uncertainties. Model calculations [48,93] are shown for comparison to the two-particle correlation results, where the bands represent the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 2:
Ratios of $ v_{2}\{2,|\Delta\eta| > 2\} $, $ v_{2}\{4\} $ (left), and $ v_{3}\{2,|\Delta\eta| > 2\} $ (right) of NeNe to OO collisions as functions of centrality. Dot-dashed lines indicate results after subtracting (denoted as "sub") the dijet correlations. Vertical bars denote statistical uncertainties, and shaded boxes denote systematic uncertainties. Model calculations [48,93] are shown for comparison to the two-particle correlation results, where the bands represent the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
| Summary |
| In summary, the azimuthal anisotropy of charged-particle emission is measured in oxygen-oxygen (OO) and neon-neon (NeNe) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV with the CMS detector. The elliptic ($ v_{2} $) and triangular ($ v_{3} $) flow harmonics are extracted from two-particle correlations with a large pseudorapidity gap for multiple centrality ranges, as defined by the fraction of the total inelastic cross section, from 50% (peripheral) to 0% (central) collisions. The $ v_{2} $ values are also found using four-particle correlations to highlight how event-by-event geometry fluctuations influence the results. The $ v_{2} $ values rise from peripheral to mid-central events and decrease toward the most central collisions, and the $ v_{3} $ values increase monotonically, reflecting hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry. The ratios of the NeNe and OO $v_{n} $ values further isolate initial-geometry effects, with the $ v_{2} $ ratio increasing strongly toward central collisions, qualitatively consistent with the $ ^{20} $Ne nucleus being deformed. The $ v_{3} $ ratio is found to decrease from peripheral to the most central collisions. Hydrodynamic models with ab initio nuclear structure inputs capture the qualitative trends of both the $ v_{n} $ values and their respective NeNe to OO ratios, although they fail to fully describe the $ v_{n} $ magnitude. These results establish the sensitivity of collective flow in light ion collisions to both the initial geometry and the hydrodynamic medium response. They provide stringent constraints on models of small-system collectivity and offer valuable input to theoretical nuclear structure calculations. |
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