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| CMS-B2G-24-020 ; CERN-EP-2026-115 | ||
| Search for single vector-like quark production in opposite-sign dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 13 May 2026 | ||
| Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics | ||
| Abstract: A search is presented for single production of a vector-like top quark $ \mathrm{T} $, decaying into the standard model top quark and Higgs boson, in a final state including two opposite-sign leptons (electrons or muons), jets, and missing transverse momentum. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC in the years 2016--2018, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. No excess in data over the background expectations is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the $ \mathrm{T} $ production cross section and its decay branching fraction to tH are set, ranging from 2.0 pb at a T mass of 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV. This is the first search in the $ \mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t} \mathrm{H} $ channel in opposite-sign dilepton final states. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2605.13649 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Leading-order Feynman diagram for the single production of a vector-like T quark via a W boson and further decaying into a dilepton final state. |
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Figure 2:
Distributions of the reconstructed invariant mass in simulated signal events for T masses of 600, 800, and 1000 GeV, for the $ \mu\mu $ channel and the 2018 data-taking conditions, as a representative example. Signal histograms are normalized to unity. Each distribution entered at nominal value, and can be fitted with a double-sided Crystal Ball function [42,43], shown as red, green, and black solid lines. |
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Figure 3:
Comparison of the observed data and simulated background distributions of the variable $ S_\text{T} $ for the 2016--2018 data, with two representative signal benchmark distributions overlaid. Shown are the distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left) and $ \mu\mu $ (upper right) channels after the $ m_{\ell\ell} < $ 60 GeV selection, and for the $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ channel after the basic selection (lower). The respective lower panels show the ratio between the simulation (sum of all contributions) and the data distributions. The shaded bands indicate the uncertainties in the MC simulation. For all the signal distributions in the plots, the $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}) $ is set to 1\unitpb. |
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Figure 3-a:
Comparison of the observed data and simulated background distributions of the variable $ S_\text{T} $ for the 2016--2018 data, with two representative signal benchmark distributions overlaid. Shown are the distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left) and $ \mu\mu $ (upper right) channels after the $ m_{\ell\ell} < $ 60 GeV selection, and for the $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ channel after the basic selection (lower). The respective lower panels show the ratio between the simulation (sum of all contributions) and the data distributions. The shaded bands indicate the uncertainties in the MC simulation. For all the signal distributions in the plots, the $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}) $ is set to 1\unitpb. |
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Figure 3-b:
Comparison of the observed data and simulated background distributions of the variable $ S_\text{T} $ for the 2016--2018 data, with two representative signal benchmark distributions overlaid. Shown are the distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left) and $ \mu\mu $ (upper right) channels after the $ m_{\ell\ell} < $ 60 GeV selection, and for the $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ channel after the basic selection (lower). The respective lower panels show the ratio between the simulation (sum of all contributions) and the data distributions. The shaded bands indicate the uncertainties in the MC simulation. For all the signal distributions in the plots, the $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}) $ is set to 1\unitpb. |
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Figure 3-c:
Comparison of the observed data and simulated background distributions of the variable $ S_\text{T} $ for the 2016--2018 data, with two representative signal benchmark distributions overlaid. Shown are the distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left) and $ \mu\mu $ (upper right) channels after the $ m_{\ell\ell} < $ 60 GeV selection, and for the $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ channel after the basic selection (lower). The respective lower panels show the ratio between the simulation (sum of all contributions) and the data distributions. The shaded bands indicate the uncertainties in the MC simulation. For all the signal distributions in the plots, the $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}) $ is set to 1\unitpb. |
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Figure 4:
Distribution of the reconstructed mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the background simulation, taking the channels $ \mathrm{e} \mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu \mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ (lower) for the 2018 data, as an example. Superimposed as solid lines are the fits to the background model given by the function $ f_0 $ in Eq. (2). The lower panels show the ratio of the MC distribution to the background function fit. |
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Figure 4-a:
Distribution of the reconstructed mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the background simulation, taking the channels $ \mathrm{e} \mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu \mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ (lower) for the 2018 data, as an example. Superimposed as solid lines are the fits to the background model given by the function $ f_0 $ in Eq. (2). The lower panels show the ratio of the MC distribution to the background function fit. |
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Figure 4-b:
Distribution of the reconstructed mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the background simulation, taking the channels $ \mathrm{e} \mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu \mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ (lower) for the 2018 data, as an example. Superimposed as solid lines are the fits to the background model given by the function $ f_0 $ in Eq. (2). The lower panels show the ratio of the MC distribution to the background function fit. |
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Figure 4-c:
Distribution of the reconstructed mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the background simulation, taking the channels $ \mathrm{e} \mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu \mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e} \mu $ (lower) for the 2018 data, as an example. Superimposed as solid lines are the fits to the background model given by the function $ f_0 $ in Eq. (2). The lower panels show the ratio of the MC distribution to the background function fit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
Distributions of the invariant mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) channels in 2016--2018 data set. In the upper panel, the black points show the data in the signal region, and the shapes from the background-only fits are in green. Expected signal distributions for three representative signal mass values are also shown, normalized to a cross section of 1\unitpb. The lower panel shows the pull, which is defined as $ \frac{n_{\text{data}}-n_{\text{fit}}}{\sigma} $, where $ \sigma^2 = \sigma^2_{\text{data}}-\sigma^2_{\text{fit}} $, and $ \sigma_{\text{data}} $ (error bars) and $ \sigma_{\text{fit}} $ (hatched bands) are statistical uncertainties of the data and of the fits, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Distributions of the invariant mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) channels in 2016--2018 data set. In the upper panel, the black points show the data in the signal region, and the shapes from the background-only fits are in green. Expected signal distributions for three representative signal mass values are also shown, normalized to a cross section of 1\unitpb. The lower panel shows the pull, which is defined as $ \frac{n_{\text{data}}-n_{\text{fit}}}{\sigma} $, where $ \sigma^2 = \sigma^2_{\text{data}}-\sigma^2_{\text{fit}} $, and $ \sigma_{\text{data}} $ (error bars) and $ \sigma_{\text{fit}} $ (hatched bands) are statistical uncertainties of the data and of the fits, respectively. |
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Figure 5-b:
Distributions of the invariant mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) channels in 2016--2018 data set. In the upper panel, the black points show the data in the signal region, and the shapes from the background-only fits are in green. Expected signal distributions for three representative signal mass values are also shown, normalized to a cross section of 1\unitpb. The lower panel shows the pull, which is defined as $ \frac{n_{\text{data}}-n_{\text{fit}}}{\sigma} $, where $ \sigma^2 = \sigma^2_{\text{data}}-\sigma^2_{\text{fit}} $, and $ \sigma_{\text{data}} $ (error bars) and $ \sigma_{\text{fit}} $ (hatched bands) are statistical uncertainties of the data and of the fits, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
Distributions of the invariant mass $ m_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}} $ in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) channels in 2016--2018 data set. In the upper panel, the black points show the data in the signal region, and the shapes from the background-only fits are in green. Expected signal distributions for three representative signal mass values are also shown, normalized to a cross section of 1\unitpb. The lower panel shows the pull, which is defined as $ \frac{n_{\text{data}}-n_{\text{fit}}}{\sigma} $, where $ \sigma^2 = \sigma^2_{\text{data}}-\sigma^2_{\text{fit}} $, and $ \sigma_{\text{data}} $ (error bars) and $ \sigma_{\text{fit}} $ (hatched bands) are statistical uncertainties of the data and of the fits, respectively. |
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Figure 6:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ){\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) $, for the three OS dilepton channels $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) in the 2016--2018 data set. The theoretical prediction assumes $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{T} }/{M}_{\mathrm{T} }=5% $ and $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) = 25% $ [7,56]. The gray shaded band shows the uncertainty in the theory prediction. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ){\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) $, for the three OS dilepton channels $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) in the 2016--2018 data set. The theoretical prediction assumes $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{T} }/{M}_{\mathrm{T} }=5% $ and $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) = 25% $ [7,56]. The gray shaded band shows the uncertainty in the theory prediction. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ){\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) $, for the three OS dilepton channels $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) in the 2016--2018 data set. The theoretical prediction assumes $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{T} }/{M}_{\mathrm{T} }=5% $ and $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) = 25% $ [7,56]. The gray shaded band shows the uncertainty in the theory prediction. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-c:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ){\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) $, for the three OS dilepton channels $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ (upper left), $ \mu\mu $ (upper right), and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ (lower) in the 2016--2018 data set. The theoretical prediction assumes $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{T} }/{M}_{\mathrm{T} }=5% $ and $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) = 25% $ [7,56]. The gray shaded band shows the uncertainty in the theory prediction. |
png pdf |
Figure 7:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section $ \sigma(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{T} ){\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) $, combining all OS dilepton channels in the 2016--2018 data set. The theoretical prediction assumes $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{T} }/{M}_{\mathrm{T} }=5% $ and $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}) = 25% $ [7,56]. The gray shaded band shows the uncertainty in the theory prediction. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Higgs boson decay modes contributing to the OS dilepton signal. The numbers in the two rightmost columns show the relative contributions of the $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W} \mathrm{W} $, $ \mathrm{H}\to \tau\tau $, and $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z} $ decay modes before the $ \Delta R_\text{min}({\mathrm{b}}^{\mathrm{t}}, \ell) $ selection discussed in Section 5.3 is applied. |
| Summary |
| A search for singly produced vector-like quarks in the decay mode $ \mathrm{T} \to \mathrm{t} \mathrm{H} $ has been presented, performed with the 2016--2018 data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The mass range from 600 to 1200 GeV is probed. No significant excess above the expected standard model background is observed. The results are used to set upper limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the production cross section and the decay branching fraction, which ranges from 2.0 pb at a mass of 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV. Final states with two oppositely charged leptons (electron or muons) are probed for the first time by this search. |
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